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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Double magnetic resonance in the hyperfine structure of optically oriented alkali atoms with laser pumping

A A Baranov, Ермак Сергей Викторович, E. A. Sagitov, V. V. Semenov

Published Jun 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the investigation of mutual influence of low-frequency and microwave resonances in 87 Rb vapor cell magnetometers system with laser pumping. One of the magnetometers was based on a low-frequency spin generator principle, while the second one was built as passive microwave spectrometer with a resonance frequency lock loop. The paper analyzes the frequency shifts in the low-frequency and microwave channels of the tandem of magnetometers associated with the simultaneous action of the resonant radio fields on the alkali atoms. Such effect is manifested in the frequency shifts of the spin generator for fixed changes in the amplitude of the microwave field.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1038/1/012076

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The paper is devoted to the investigation of mutual influence of low-frequency and microwave resonances in 87 Rb vapor cell magnetometers system with laser pumping. One of the magnetometers was based on a low-frequency spin generator principle, while the second one was built as passive microwave spectrometer with a resonance frequency lock loop. The paper analyzes the frequency shifts in the low-frequency and microwave channels of the tandem of magnetometers associated with the simultaneous action of the resonant radio fields on the alkali atoms. Such effect is manifested in the frequency shifts of the spin generator for fixed changes in the amplitude of the microwave field.
The paper is devoted to the study of the relative influence of low-frequency and microwave signals of the system of two quantum magnetometers based on simultaneous induction of the spin generator signal on the resonance transition and the MZ-signal of the edge magnetically dependent microwave resonance. The "dressed" atom effect caused frequency shifts of low-frequency and microwave resonances is shown. The frequency shifts ratio of the spin generator to the microwave resonance was between 10 and 100, depending on the experimental conditions. The necessity of the using a circularly polarized low-frequency radio field is shown to reduce the radio-optical resonance frequency shifts caused by the mutual influence of the measuring channels of the magnetometers system.
This paper presents the results of two double resonance signals correlation investigation. These signals were observed synchronously in optically oriented Rb 87 vapors with laser pumping in a dual scheme: low frequency M x -magnetometer and microwave frequency discriminator. Analytical studies of the scalar and vector light shift components contribution to the frequency instability of the end resonance microwave transitions are presented. An experimental demonstration of the light shift components mutual compensation in optically pumped Rb 87 atoms was provided. The results were processed in terms of Allan variance, which demonstrated an effect of decreasing frequency variation at averaging times more than 100 s for a joint scheme of the end resonance microwave transition and selfgenerating (M x ) magnetometer.
We have studied the influence of low-frequency noise on the stability of resonance frequency of a self-oscillating magnetometer on 87Rb vapor with simultaneous monitoring of the signal of radio-optical resonance on the magnetic-field-dependent microwave transition under laser pumping at the D 2 line of the head doublet. The difference of synchronous records of detected signals reduced to the same scale in magnetic field units was processed to determine the Allan variance as a function of the averaging time. The correlation coefficient characterizing the coupling of detected signals determined by the pumping rate and intensity of radio fields generated in the region of the absorption chamber. The self-oscillating magnetometer can only operate provided that there is laser tuning to the long-wavelength component of the electric-dipole transition.
Abstract Collisions of alkali atoms in the ground state are accompanied by the exchange of electron polarization between the colliding atoms, which lead to the polarization transfer between particles. As a result of this process, the electronic orientation is transferred from the spin oriented atoms to unpolarized atoms, along with the polarization transfer, the magnetic resonance frequency shifts of polarized atoms occur too. In this work the magnetic resonance frequency shifts of arising from spin exchange collisions in a mixture of alkali potassium and rubidium atoms at the optical orientation of atoms are calculated. The situation when optical pumping by resonant polarized radiation is carried out only for atoms of the one kind is considered. The spin exchange process between alkali atoms was described in the formalism of the complex cross section for spin exchange process. The real and imaginary parts of the complex cross section were calculated using the interaction potentials of alkali atom dimers. The calculation of the frequency shifts is carried out on the basis of data on the interaction potentials for the following pairs of alkali atoms K-K, K-Rb and Rb-Rb. Maxwell averaging of the cross sections over the velocities was done and the temperature dependences of the magnetic resonance frequency shifts for K and Rb atoms were plotted.
Laser pumping magnetometers using alkali vapors as sensing medium can reach very high sensitivities in magnetic fields covering the range from the earth magnetic field to biological magnetic fields. In this paper, the theoretical analysis and system design of laser pumping cesium magnetometer, cesium atomic energy level formed hyperfine structure with the I-J coupling are discussed. The hyperfine structure is further split into Zeeman sublevels for the effects of magnetic field. The electrons transition is made by using laser pumping and RF magnetic field in the hyperfine structure. The results of magne-to-optical double resonance is obtained. The accurate value of the external magnetic field could be measured by the resonant frequency.
The results of studies of the long-term frequency stability as a function of the correlation coefficient for a tandem of two quantum magnetometers with laser pumping of 87 Rb in wall-coated vapour cell are represented. Measurement scheme includes a low-frequency self-generating magnetometer and a quantum microwave discriminator working at magnetic dipole transitions of radio-optical end state resonance. The difference of synchronously detected signals is processed to determine the Allan variance as a function of averaging time and correlation coefficient of signals. These parameters are essentially dependent both on the pumping light intensity and polarization and the intensity of radio fields that are produced in the working cell.