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Technical Physics Letters

Signal correlation in the tandem of a spin oscillator and microwave frequency discriminator with laser-pumped alkali atoms

A. A. Baranov, Ермак Сергей Викторович, E. A. Sagitov, R. V. Smolin, V. V. Semenov

Published Feb 1, 2016• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have studied the influence of low-frequency noise on the stability of resonance frequency of a self-oscillating magnetometer on 87Rb vapor with simultaneous monitoring of the signal of radio-optical resonance on the magnetic-field-dependent microwave transition under laser pumping at the D 2 line of the head doublet. The difference of synchronous records of detected signals reduced to the same scale in magnetic field units was processed to determine the Allan variance as a function of the averaging time. The correlation coefficient characterizing the coupling of detected signals determined by the pumping rate and intensity of radio fields generated in the region of the absorption chamber. The self-oscillating magnetometer can only operate provided that there is laser tuning to the long-wavelength component of the electric-dipole transition.

DOI
10.1134/s1063785016020218

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We have studied the influence of low-frequency noise on the stability of resonance frequency of a self-oscillating magnetometer on 87Rb vapor with simultaneous monitoring of the signal of radio-optical resonance on the magnetic-field-dependent microwave transition under laser pumping at the D 2 line of the head doublet. The difference of synchronous records of detected signals reduced to the same scale in magnetic field units was processed to determine the Allan variance as a function of the averaging time. The correlation coefficient characterizing the coupling of detected signals determined by the pumping rate and intensity of radio fields generated in the region of the absorption chamber. The self-oscillating magnetometer can only operate provided that there is laser tuning to the long-wavelength component of the electric-dipole transition.
The results of studies of the long-term frequency stability as a function of the correlation coefficient for a tandem of two quantum magnetometers with laser pumping of 87 Rb in wall-coated vapour cell are represented. Measurement scheme includes a low-frequency self-generating magnetometer and a quantum microwave discriminator working at magnetic dipole transitions of radio-optical end state resonance. The difference of synchronously detected signals is processed to determine the Allan variance as a function of averaging time and correlation coefficient of signals. These parameters are essentially dependent both on the pumping light intensity and polarization and the intensity of radio fields that are produced in the working cell.
This paper presents the results of two double resonance signals correlation investigation. These signals were observed synchronously in optically oriented Rb 87 vapors with laser pumping in a dual scheme: low frequency M x -magnetometer and microwave frequency discriminator. Analytical studies of the scalar and vector light shift components contribution to the frequency instability of the end resonance microwave transitions are presented. An experimental demonstration of the light shift components mutual compensation in optically pumped Rb 87 atoms was provided. The results were processed in terms of Allan variance, which demonstrated an effect of decreasing frequency variation at averaging times more than 100 s for a joint scheme of the end resonance microwave transition and selfgenerating (M x ) magnetometer.
The contributions of the vector and scalar components to the magnetically dependent microwave transition frequency light shift are analyzed and the compensation of these components is experimentally demonstrated for the 87Rb atoms optically oriented by a laser tuned to the D 2 line of the head doublet. The Allan variance is studied as a function of the averaging time for a tandem of optically pumped quantum magnetometers (OPQMs), one of which is based on a low-frequency spin oscillator while another is based on a quantum microwave discriminator with a resonance frequency that corresponds to magnetically dependent transitions between HFS sublevels with the extremal value of the magnetic quantum number. It is shown that the compensation of the scalar and vector components of the light shift in OPQMs reduces the Allan variance at averaging times that exceed hundreds of seconds compared to a quantum discriminator based on the magnetically independent 0–0 transition. In this case, the minimal Allan variance in OPQMs at the end resonance is achieved at considerably longer averaging times than in the case of the quantum discriminator that is tuned to the 0–0 transition frequency.
The paper is devoted to the investigation of mutual influence of low-frequency and microwave resonances in 87 Rb vapor cell magnetometers system with laser pumping. One of the magnetometers was based on a low-frequency spin generator principle, while the second one was built as passive microwave spectrometer with a resonance frequency lock loop. The paper analyzes the frequency shifts in the low-frequency and microwave channels of the tandem of magnetometers associated with the simultaneous action of the resonant radio fields on the alkali atoms. Such effect is manifested in the frequency shifts of the spin generator for fixed changes in the amplitude of the microwave field.
The paper is devoted to the study of the relative influence of low-frequency and microwave signals of the system of two quantum magnetometers based on simultaneous induction of the spin generator signal on the resonance transition and the MZ-signal of the edge magnetically dependent microwave resonance. The "dressed" atom effect caused frequency shifts of low-frequency and microwave resonances is shown. The frequency shifts ratio of the spin generator to the microwave resonance was between 10 and 100, depending on the experimental conditions. The necessity of the using a circularly polarized low-frequency radio field is shown to reduce the radio-optical resonance frequency shifts caused by the mutual influence of the measuring channels of the magnetometers system.
This paper presents the results of investigation Stark shift effect influence on the long-term stability of a dual scheme of quantum magnetometers. Such scheme allows suppressing Stark shift components when a certain pumping light polarization is applied. As a result, long-term stability of a quantum sensor increases. However, when low-frequency (LF) and microwave fields are attached to a single vapor cell a coherence circulation in hyperfine structure of alkali atoms takes place. Physical origin of this effect is associated with the so called "dressed" atom theory, when atom is "dressed" by LF field. It yields in multiphoton absorption and resonance frequency shift. First estimates for this shift based on density matrix evolution formalism are provided in the paper.