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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Quantum magnetometers as a base for atomic clock

E. A. Sagitov, Ермак Сергей Викторович, Mikhail V. Petrenko, V. V. Semenov

Published Nov 1, 2016• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possibility of the atomic clock based on two quantum magnetometer system development is demonstrated. One of the magnetometers is self-oscillation type, another is M z - type magnetometer based on end-state UHF resonance. The laser pumping of 87 Rb atoms placed into antirelaxation coated sell is provided. The magnetometers frequency difference fluctuations experimental results are represented and Allan deviation is determined. The role of the radio-optical resonance frequency light shift different components is denoted for the determination of the quantum magnetometers optimal operation mode. The effect of the light shift compensation is demonstrated.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/769/1/012044

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The possibility of the atomic clock based on two quantum magnetometer system development is demonstrated. One of the magnetometers is self-oscillation type, another is M z - type magnetometer based on end-state UHF resonance. The laser pumping of 87 Rb atoms placed into antirelaxation coated sell is provided. The magnetometers frequency difference fluctuations experimental results are represented and Allan deviation is determined. The role of the radio-optical resonance frequency light shift different components is denoted for the determination of the quantum magnetometers optimal operation mode. The effect of the light shift compensation is demonstrated.
The experimental results of dependence of Allan variance as averaging time for system of two quantum magnetometers with laser pumping of the alkaline atoms are presented. Also the role of different components of luminous frequency shift of a radio optical resonance in case of an optimum operation mode of quantum magnetometers in such system is noted. It is shown that the effect of compensation of luminous shift components allows to reduce Allan variance in times of averaging more, than hundreds of seconds in comparison with the quantum standard of frequency on 0-0 transition.
This paper presents the results of two double resonance signals correlation investigation. These signals were observed synchronously in optically oriented Rb 87 vapors with laser pumping in a dual scheme: low frequency M x -magnetometer and microwave frequency discriminator. Analytical studies of the scalar and vector light shift components contribution to the frequency instability of the end resonance microwave transitions are presented. An experimental demonstration of the light shift components mutual compensation in optically pumped Rb 87 atoms was provided. The results were processed in terms of Allan variance, which demonstrated an effect of decreasing frequency variation at averaging times more than 100 s for a joint scheme of the end resonance microwave transition and selfgenerating (M x ) magnetometer.
The results of studies of the long-term frequency stability as a function of the correlation coefficient for a tandem of two quantum magnetometers with laser pumping of 87 Rb in wall-coated vapour cell are represented. Measurement scheme includes a low-frequency self-generating magnetometer and a quantum microwave discriminator working at magnetic dipole transitions of radio-optical end state resonance. The difference of synchronously detected signals is processed to determine the Allan variance as a function of averaging time and correlation coefficient of signals. These parameters are essentially dependent both on the pumping light intensity and polarization and the intensity of radio fields that are produced in the working cell.
In the Laboratory of Frequency Standards, Quantum Radiophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, a compact atomic standard of frequency and time is being developed. The results of this study make it possible to achieve a narrower metrological resonance of coherent population trapping (CPT) than in developed foreign analogues of compact atomic clocks, which will have a direct effect on the standard stability. The effect of the combination of buffer gas and antirelaxation coating on the CPT amplitude and resonance width are studied; parameters of short-cavity diode lasers (SCDLs) specially developed in collaboration with the Polyus Research and Development Institute are studied. A prototype of the compact physical discriminator for the atomic clock is developed and assembled. The dark width of the metrological resonance in the discriminator is less than 1 kHz, which theoretically implies the development of a compact atomic clock with a stability (Allan parameter) no worse than 3 · 10 −12 per hour.
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The paper is devoted to the investigation of mutual influence of low-frequency and microwave resonances in 87 Rb vapor cell magnetometers system with laser pumping. One of the magnetometers was based on a low-frequency spin generator principle, while the second one was built as passive microwave spectrometer with a resonance frequency lock loop. The paper analyzes the frequency shifts in the low-frequency and microwave channels of the tandem of magnetometers associated with the simultaneous action of the resonant radio fields on the alkali atoms. Such effect is manifested in the frequency shifts of the spin generator for fixed changes in the amplitude of the microwave field.