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Quantum Electronics

Magneto-optical trap formed by elliptically polarised light waves for Mg atoms

Прудников Олег Николаевич, Denis V. Brazhnikov, A. V. Taǐchenachev, Valeriy I. Yudin, Andrei Goncharov

Published Jul 8, 2016• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider a magneto-optical trap (MOT) formed by elliptically polarised waves for 24 Mg atoms on a closed optical 3 P 2 → 3 D 3 ( λ = 383.8 nm ) transition in the ε − θ − ε ¯ configuration of the field. Compared with a known MOT formed by circularly polarised waves ( σ + − σ − configuration), the suggested configuration of the trap formed by fields of ε − θ − ε ¯ configuration allows deeper sub-Doppler cooling of trapped 24 Mg atoms, which cannot be implemented in a conventional trap formed by fields of σ + − σ − configuration.

DOI
10.1070/qel15995

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We consider a magneto-optical trap (MOT) formed by elliptically polarised waves for 24 Mg atoms on a closed optical 3 P 2 → 3 D 3 ( λ = 383.8 nm ) transition in the ε − θ − ε ¯ configuration of the field. Compared with a known MOT formed by circularly polarised waves ( σ + − σ − configuration), the suggested configuration of the trap formed by fields of ε − θ − ε ¯ configuration allows deeper sub-Doppler cooling of trapped 24 Mg atoms, which cannot be implemented in a conventional trap formed by fields of σ + − σ − configuration.
Abstract We report a study of a model of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for atoms 6Li in the field with configuration produced by the counterpropagating elliptically polarised waves, which are in resonance with the optical transition 2S1/2 → 2P3/2 (λ = 670.977 nm). The model takes into account hyperfine splitting of levels inside the natural linewidth of the optical transition. In contrast to a conventional MOT formed by counterpropagating circularly polarised waves (σ + – σ – configuration), the suggested MOT may provide a deeper sub-Doppler cooling of 6Li atoms.
We realized two species of magneto-optical traps (MOTs) by using linearly-polarized cooling beams. A mirror MOT was realized by using pairs of σ-π polarized cooling beams. Since the linearly-polarized field could act as opposite circular polarizations, atoms could be loaded on the mirror MOT with the elimination of one quarter-wave plate (QWP) among the four QWPs. However, for a typical MOT, counter-propagating cooling beams had to have opposite circular polarizations. The number of trapped atoms depended strongly on the polarization and optical alignment of the cooling beams when linear polarization with the elimination of one QWP was used. By using this anomalous alignment, we could increase the fluorescence of the mirror MOT. Furthermore, we were also able to realize a six-beam MOT with a configuration of pairs of orthogonal linearly-polarized cooling beams. The direction of the polarization depended strongly on the magnetic field for trapping.
The grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) requires only one beam and three planar diffraction gratings to form a cloud of cold atoms above the plane of the diffractors. Despite the complicated polarization arrangement, we demonstrate sub-Doppler cooling of Rb87 atoms to a temperature of 7.6(0.6) μK through a multistage, far-detuned GMOT in conjunction with optical molasses. A decomposition of the electric field into polarization components for this geometry does not yield a mapping onto standard sub-Doppler laser-cooling configurations. With numerical simulations, we find that the polarization composition of the GMOT optical field, which includes σ and π polarized light, does produce sub-Doppler temperatures.
In a one-dimensional model we consider the dependence of the magneto-optical force on the elliptical polarization of laser beams for different types of closed atomic transitions ${J}_{g}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{J}_{e}$. The linear dependencies on atomic velocity and magnetic field of the magneto-optical force are found analytically. These results establish the possibility (for Jg>0{J}_{g}>0Jg​>0) to capture atoms in a magneto-optical trap even at zero detuning (i.e., at the exact resonance of atoms with laser field) in certain $(ϵ\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{-}\overline{ϵ})$ field configurations as well as in an anomalous blue-detuned region. The nonlinear dependencies of the force on atomic velocity and magnetic field are studied numerically. The capture velocity and the number of trapped atoms are estimated.
We report the results of experimental investigations aimed at creation of the optical frequency standard based on magnesium atoms cooled and localised in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). An experimentally realised MOT for magnesium made it possible to obtain a cloud comprising atoms at a temperature of . The results of ultra-high resolution spectroscopy of intercombination transition for Mg atom are presented, the resonances in time-domain separated optical fields with the half-width of are recorded, which corresponds to the -factor of the reference line .