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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Deep sub-Doppler cooling of Mg in MOT formed by light waves with elliptical polarization

Прудников Олег Николаевич, Denis V. Brazhnikov, А. В. Тайченачев, Valeriy I. Yudin, Andrei Goncharov

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study magneto-optical trap (MOT) of Mg atoms operating on the closed triplet 3 P 2 → 3 D 3 ( λ = 383.3 nm) transition formed by the light waves with elliptical polarization ( configuration). Compare to well-known trap formed by light waves with circular polarization (σ + –σ − configuration) the suggested configuration offer the lower sub-Doppler temperature for trapped Mg atoms, that can't be reached in conventional σ + –σ − MOT.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/793/1/012021

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We study magneto-optical trap (MOT) of Mg atoms operating on the closed triplet 3 P 2 → 3 D 3 ( λ = 383.3 nm) transition formed by the light waves with elliptical polarization ( configuration). Compare to well-known trap formed by light waves with circular polarization (σ + –σ − configuration) the suggested configuration offer the lower sub-Doppler temperature for trapped Mg atoms, that can't be reached in conventional σ + –σ − MOT.
We consider a magneto-optical trap (MOT) formed by elliptically polarised waves for 24 Mg atoms on a closed optical 3 P 2 → 3 D 3 ( λ = 383.8 nm ) transition in the ε − θ − ε ¯ configuration of the field. Compared with a known MOT formed by circularly polarised waves ( σ + − σ − configuration), the suggested configuration of the trap formed by fields of ε − θ − ε ¯ configuration allows deeper sub-Doppler cooling of trapped 24 Mg atoms, which cannot be implemented in a conventional trap formed by fields of σ + − σ − configuration.
Abstract We report a study of a model of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for atoms 6Li in the field with configuration produced by the counterpropagating elliptically polarised waves, which are in resonance with the optical transition 2S1/2 → 2P3/2 (λ = 670.977 nm). The model takes into account hyperfine splitting of levels inside the natural linewidth of the optical transition. In contrast to a conventional MOT formed by counterpropagating circularly polarised waves (σ + – σ – configuration), the suggested MOT may provide a deeper sub-Doppler cooling of 6Li atoms.
The grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) requires only one beam and three planar diffraction gratings to form a cloud of cold atoms above the plane of the diffractors. Despite the complicated polarization arrangement, we demonstrate sub-Doppler cooling of Rb87 atoms to a temperature of 7.6(0.6) μK through a multistage, far-detuned GMOT in conjunction with optical molasses. A decomposition of the electric field into polarization components for this geometry does not yield a mapping onto standard sub-Doppler laser-cooling configurations. With numerical simulations, we find that the polarization composition of the GMOT optical field, which includes σ and π polarized light, does produce sub-Doppler temperatures.
We present the theoretical analysis of sub-Doppler laser cooling of 24Mg atoms using dipole transition 33P2→33D3 under two counterpropagating light waves with opposite circular polarizations (one-dimensional σ+σ– configuration). For numerical calculations the standard semi-classical approach based on the Fokker–Planck equation for linear momentum distribution of atoms is exploited. The distributions are gained beyond the limits of slow atoms approximation and for an arbitrary light field intensity. The absence of these limits allows us to determine the optimal parameters of the light field to maximize a fraction of ultracold atoms (T ~ 10 μK) in a whole atomic cloud. In particular, under certain conditions the fraction can reach a value of 50%. Solution of the existing problems in deep laser cooling of magnesium atoms has obvious prospects for atomic optics and quantum metrology: for instance, in designing new-generation optical frequency and time standards based on cold atoms in optical lattices.
We realized two species of magneto-optical traps (MOTs) by using linearly-polarized cooling beams. A mirror MOT was realized by using pairs of σ-π polarized cooling beams. Since the linearly-polarized field could act as opposite circular polarizations, atoms could be loaded on the mirror MOT with the elimination of one quarter-wave plate (QWP) among the four QWPs. However, for a typical MOT, counter-propagating cooling beams had to have opposite circular polarizations. The number of trapped atoms depended strongly on the polarization and optical alignment of the cooling beams when linear polarization with the elimination of one QWP was used. By using this anomalous alignment, we could increase the fluorescence of the mirror MOT. Furthermore, we were also able to realize a six-beam MOT with a configuration of pairs of orthogonal linearly-polarized cooling beams. The direction of the polarization depended strongly on the magnetic field for trapping.
Sub-Doppler laser cooling in a magneto-optical trap for thulium atoms at a wavelength of 410.6 nm has been experimentally studied. Without any dedicated molasses period of sub-Doppler cooling, the cloud of 3 × 106 atoms at a temperature of 25(5) μK was observed. The measured temperature is significantly lower than the Doppler limit of 240 μK for the cooling transition at 410.6 nm. The high efficiency of the sub-Doppler cooling process is due to a near-degeneracy of the Landé g-factors of the lower 4f 136s 2 (J = 7/2) and the upper 4f 125d 3/26s 2 (J = 9/2) cooling levels.