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Quantum Electronics

Precision spectroscopy of Mg atoms in a magneto-optical trap

Andrei Goncharov, A E Bonert, Denis V. Brazhnikov, Alexander M. Shilov, Sergei N Bagayev

Published Jun 30, 2014• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the results of experimental investigations aimed at creation of the optical frequency standard based on magnesium atoms cooled and localised in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). An experimentally realised MOT for magnesium made it possible to obtain a cloud comprising atoms at a temperature of . The results of ultra-high resolution spectroscopy of intercombination transition for Mg atom are presented, the resonances in time-domain separated optical fields with the half-width of are recorded, which corresponds to the -factor of the reference line .

DOI
10.1070/qe2014v044n06abeh015460

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We report the results of experimental investigations aimed at creation of the optical frequency standard based on magnesium atoms cooled and localised in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). An experimentally realised MOT for magnesium made it possible to obtain a cloud comprising atoms at a temperature of . The results of ultra-high resolution spectroscopy of intercombination transition for Mg atom are presented, the resonances in time-domain separated optical fields with the half-width of are recorded, which corresponds to the -factor of the reference line .
This paper presents the recent experimental results on development of an optical frequency standard based on ultra cold magnesium atoms with relative frequency uncertainty and long term stability at the level of Δ v/v <10 −16 . We stabilized the frequency of our clock laser system at 655 THz to narrow Ramsey fringes in a time separated laser fields interacting with cooled Mg atoms localized in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). The intercombination line 1 S 0 → 3 P 1 was used as the reference for frequency stabilization. The results of stabilization were studied with femtosecond comb based on Ti:Sa laser.
Magnesium atoms are cooled in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) using the 3s2 S0 → 3s3p P1 resonance transition. Magnesium is a simple atom which offers a unique possibility for comparison to the Doppler theory of laser cooling. We measure trap parameters as a function of laser-intensity, -detuning and magnetic field gradient. We find the main features well accounted for by Doppler theory, but temperature measurements gave significant higher values than predicted by the Doppler theory. We also observe radiation pressure effects within the MOT that limit the maximum achievable density. Comparing our results to predictions by models in the literature shows a good agreement. Recently we have improved our set-up and now trap about 150 × 106 atoms.
We report on the sub-kilohertz optical spectroscopy on the 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​- 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ intercombination transition in magnesium at 457 nm. The spectroscopic signal is probed by a time domain atom interferometer. The realization of this time domain atom interferometer with laser cooled and trapped atoms allows extremely long interaction times and leads to resolutions down to 491 Hz (FWHM). This corresponds to a high line QQQ factor of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}$. Because of the high accuracy in the determination of the line center, applications with respect to an optical frequency standard are possible.
Magnesium atoms are cooled in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) using the 3s(2 1)S(0) --> 3s3p P-1(1) resonance transition. Magnesium is a simple atom which offers a unique possibility for comparison to the Doppler theory of laser cooling. We measure trap parameters as a function of laser-intensity, -detuning and magnetic field gradient. We find the main features well accounted for by Doppler theory, but temperature measurements gave significant higher values than predicted by the Doppler theory. We also observe radiation pressure effects within the MOT that limit the maximum achievable density. Comparing our results to predictions by models in the literature shows a good agreement. Recently we have improved our set-up and now trap about 150 x 10(6) atoms.
Abstract The results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at the creation of matter wave interferometers with Mg atoms are presented. Atom-optical interferometers based on the Ramsey-Bordé scheme are of great interest for the development of optical frequency standards. Ultracold Mg atoms are promising for the development of an optical frequency standard with relative uncertainty and long-term frequency instability at a level of 10−17 − 10−18. A long-term frequency stability of 3·10−15 is obtained at an averaging time τ = 103 s while stabilizing the frequency of a ‘clock’ laser at 457 nm (1 S 0 → 3 P 1 transition) to narrow Ramsey-Bordé resonances of Mg atoms cooled and localized in a magneto-optical trap. The measured frequency stability is determined by the stability of the measurement system based on an optical frequency comb stabilized to the optical frequency of a Yb:YAG/I2 standard. We also present the results of theoretical studies aimed at the use of Mg atom interferometers based on Bragg diffraction for quantum sensing.