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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Sub-kilohertz optical spectroscopy by time domain atom interferometry

K. Sengstock, F. Ruschewitz, Jin-Long Peng, H. Hinderthür, N. Schaffrath, Wolfgang A. Ertmer

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given, as follows. A time domain atom interferometer is used to compare the frequency of the Mg intercombination transition at 457 nm with an optical oscillator with sub-kHz resolution. An estimated accuracy of 2·10/sup -15/ is achieved with laser cooled and trapped atoms. The resolved line Q-factor is better than 10/sup 12/.

DOI
10.1109/cpem.1998.700006

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Summary form only given, as follows. A time domain atom interferometer is used to compare the frequency of the Mg intercombination transition at 457 nm with an optical oscillator with sub-kHz resolution. An estimated accuracy of 2·10/sup -15/ is achieved with laser cooled and trapped atoms. The resolved line Q-factor is better than 10/sup 12/.
We report on the sub-kilohertz optical spectroscopy on the 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​- 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ intercombination transition in magnesium at 457 nm. The spectroscopic signal is probed by a time domain atom interferometer. The realization of this time domain atom interferometer with laser cooled and trapped atoms allows extremely long interaction times and leads to resolutions down to 491 Hz (FWHM). This corresponds to a high line QQQ factor of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}$. Because of the high accuracy in the determination of the line center, applications with respect to an optical frequency standard are possible.
We report the results of experimental investigations aimed at creation of the optical frequency standard based on magnesium atoms cooled and localised in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). An experimentally realised MOT for magnesium made it possible to obtain a cloud comprising atoms at a temperature of . The results of ultra-high resolution spectroscopy of intercombination transition for Mg atom are presented, the resonances in time-domain separated optical fields with the half-width of are recorded, which corresponds to the -factor of the reference line .
Abstract The results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at the creation of matter wave interferometers with Mg atoms are presented. Atom-optical interferometers based on the Ramsey-Bordé scheme are of great interest for the development of optical frequency standards. Ultracold Mg atoms are promising for the development of an optical frequency standard with relative uncertainty and long-term frequency instability at a level of 10−17 − 10−18. A long-term frequency stability of 3·10−15 is obtained at an averaging time τ = 103 s while stabilizing the frequency of a ‘clock’ laser at 457 nm (1 S 0 → 3 P 1 transition) to narrow Ramsey-Bordé resonances of Mg atoms cooled and localized in a magneto-optical trap. The measured frequency stability is determined by the stability of the measurement system based on an optical frequency comb stabilized to the optical frequency of a Yb:YAG/I2 standard. We also present the results of theoretical studies aimed at the use of Mg atom interferometers based on Bragg diffraction for quantum sensing.
Direct observation and frequency measurement of /sup 1/S/sub 0//spl rarr//sup 3/P/sub 0 /line within an accuracy of 20 kHz is reported. The resonance frequency with an accuracy of /spl sim/ 100 kHz is reported by indirect measurement of the energy difference between /sup 1/S/sub 0/ and /sup 3/P/sub 0/ states. It is performed by successive frequency measurements of atomic transitions with higher linewidth, easier to observe: /sup 1/S/sub 0/ - /sup 3/P/sub 1/, /sup 3/P/sub 1/ - /sup 3/S/sub 1/ and /sup 3/S/sub 1/ - /sup 3/P/sub 0/ transitions. To perform direct observation of the clock transition, atoms are cooled to a temperature of /spl sim/ 2 mK in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Although the saturation broadening of the transition is orders of magnitude smaller than the Doppler width (1.5 MHz), a detectable signal is achieved by inducing a small leak in the MOT with a laser tuned to resonance. Atoms accumulate in the metastable /sup 3/P/sub 0 /state where they escape the trap. The resonance is detected by a decrease in the MOT fluorescence signal with a contrast of 1%.