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IEEE Communications Letters

Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Secure Direct Communication Network Using Classical XOR Operation and Quantum Entanglement

Fahimeh Zarmehi, Monireh Houshmand

Published Jul 14, 2016• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this letter, a multi-user controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication network protocol is suggested based on classical exclusive-or operation and quantum entanglement. In this protocol, four users can securely exchange their secret massages two by two, under the permission of a controller. The quantum channel is only used for sharing the qubits, and no encoded photons are transmitted via the quantum channel. This protocol is unconditionally secure and has higher efficiency than the previous ones.

DOI
10.1109/lcomm.2016.2589263

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In this letter, a multi-user controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication network protocol is suggested based on classical exclusive-or operation and quantum entanglement. In this protocol, four users can securely exchange their secret massages two by two, under the permission of a controller. The quantum channel is only used for sharing the qubits, and no encoded photons are transmitted via the quantum channel. This protocol is unconditionally secure and has higher efficiency than the previous ones.
In a recent letter, a controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol with cluster states was proposed. We analyzed the security of this protocol and found that it is insecure. In the original protocol, a dishonest controller can eavesdrop the secret messages exchanged between the users, and a dishonest user may achieve his communication goal without the permission of the controller. The corresponding two kinds of attack strategies are presented. Finally, we give a feasible improvement of this communication protocol.
The multi-user controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication network protocol based on classical EXCLUSIVE-OR operation and quantum entanglement is analyzed. It is shown that this protocol has the information leakage problem, that is, one half of the information the users transmit is leaked out unconsciously. Furthermore, it is also weak against the intercept-measure-resend attack and the Controlled-Not operation attack from an outside adversary, and the different initial state attack from the controller.
In this paper, a novel controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol (CBQSDC) is proposed. In this scheme, both users can transmit their secret messages directly and simultaneously under the permission of the controller. The proposed method use feature of entanglement swapping which is led to more efficiency (lowest number of quantum resources (EPR pairs)), security and the lowest number of security checking steps. Also, a generalization of the protocol is explained and a protocol of CBQSDC-based network is presented.
A multiparty controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication and authentication protocol is proposed based on EPR pair and entanglement swapping. The legitimate identities of communicating parties are encoded to Bell states which act as a detection sequence. Secret messages are transmitted by using the classical XOR operation, which serves as a one-time-pad. No photon with secret information transmits in the quantum channel. Compared with the protocols proposed by Wang et al. [Acta Phys. Sin. 56 (2007) 673; Opt. Commun. 266 (2006) 732 ], the protocol in this study implements bidirectional communication and authentication, which defends most attacks including the 'man-in-the-middle' attack efficiently.
In this paper, a novel controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol (CBQSDC) is proposed. In this scheme, both users can transmit their secret messages directly and simultaneously under the permission of the controller. The proposed method use feature of entanglement swapping which is led to more efficiency (lowest number of quantum resources (EPR pairs)), security and the lowest number of security checking steps. Also, a generalization of the protocol is explained and a protocol of CBQSDC-based network is presented.
We propose a novel protocol for controlled bidirectional quantum secure communication based on a nonlocal swap gate scheme. Our proposed protocol would be applied to a system in which a controller (supervisor/Charlie) controls the bidirectional communication with quantum information or secret messages between legitimate users (Alice and Bob). In this system, the legitimate users must obtain permission from the controller in order to exchange their respective quantum information or secret messages simultaneously; the controller is unable to obtain any quantum information or secret messages from the decoding process. Moreover, the presence of the controller also avoids the problem of one legitimate user receiving the quantum information or secret message before the other, and then refusing to help the other user decode the quantum information or secret message. Our proposed protocol is aimed at protecting against external and participant attacks on such a system, and the cost of transmitting quantum bits using our protocol is less than that achieved in other studies. Based on the nonlocal swap gate scheme, the legitimate users exchange their quantum information or secret messages without transmission in a public channel, thus protecting against eavesdroppers stealing the secret messages.