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IEEE Communications Letters

Cryptanalysis of Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Secure Direct Communication Network Using Classical XOR Operation and Quantum Entanglement

Song Lin, Wenjie Liu, Gongde Guo, Bin‐Bin Cai, Xiaofen Liu

Published Apr 5, 2017• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a recent letter, a controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol with cluster states was proposed. We analyzed the security of this protocol and found that it is insecure. In the original protocol, a dishonest controller can eavesdrop the secret messages exchanged between the users, and a dishonest user may achieve his communication goal without the permission of the controller. The corresponding two kinds of attack strategies are presented. Finally, we give a feasible improvement of this communication protocol.

DOI
10.1109/lcomm.2017.2691006

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In a recent letter, a controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol with cluster states was proposed. We analyzed the security of this protocol and found that it is insecure. In the original protocol, a dishonest controller can eavesdrop the secret messages exchanged between the users, and a dishonest user may achieve his communication goal without the permission of the controller. The corresponding two kinds of attack strategies are presented. Finally, we give a feasible improvement of this communication protocol.
In this letter, a multi-user controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication network protocol is suggested based on classical exclusive-or operation and quantum entanglement. In this protocol, four users can securely exchange their secret massages two by two, under the permission of a controller. The quantum channel is only used for sharing the qubits, and no encoded photons are transmitted via the quantum channel. This protocol is unconditionally secure and has higher efficiency than the previous ones.
The multi-user controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication network protocol based on classical EXCLUSIVE-OR operation and quantum entanglement is analyzed. It is shown that this protocol has the information leakage problem, that is, one half of the information the users transmit is leaked out unconsciously. Furthermore, it is also weak against the intercept-measure-resend attack and the Controlled-Not operation attack from an outside adversary, and the different initial state attack from the controller.
A controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol based on four-qubit cluster states and quantum search algorithm is put forward, in which four users, a sender, a receiver and two controllers, are involved in achieving the secure transmission of secret message. The four-qubit cluster state can ensure the feasibility and security of the protocol because of its large persistency of entanglement. Meanwhile, the idea of quantum search algorithm is used to accomplish the task of encoding and decoding secret message. The proposed protocol can successfully avoid the information leakage problem and resist some common attacks including the outsider attacks and the internal attacks, and its qubit efficiency is up to 20%. Furthermore, compared with the previous quantum secure direct communication protocols, it can effectively resist the attacks from the dishonest receiver.
A controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol without information leakage was proposed.In the proposed protocol,two authenticated communication parties,Alice and Bob,were able to securely exchange their secret messages simultaneously under the control of the controller,Charlie.The problem of information leakage was overcome by making full use of the measurement correlation property after entanglement swapping among three Bell states.Moreover,the proposed protocol merely took the Bell state as quantum resource and merely needed the Bell measurement so that it was convenient to implement.Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can detect not only the active attacks from the outside eavesdropper,but also the dishonest behavior from the controller,Charlie.It can be concluded that the proposed protocol has good security.
The controlled quantum secure direct communication (CQSDC) with authentication protocol based on four particle cluster states via quantum one-time pad and local unitary operations is cryptanalyzed. It is found that there are some serious security issues in this protocol. An eavesdropper (Eve) can eavesdrop on some information of the identity strings of the receiver and the controller without being detected by the selective-CNOT-operation (SCNO) attack. By the same attack, Eve can also steal some information of the secret message that the sender transmits. In addition, the receiver can take the same kind of attack to eavesdrop on some information of the secret message out of the control of the controller. This means that the requirements of CQSDC are not satisfied. At last, we improve the original CQSDC protocol to a secure one.