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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Evaporative Cooling and Bose-Einstein Condensation of Two Hyperfine States of 87 Rb

J. R. Ensher, D. S. Jin, M. R. Matthews, C.E. Wietnan, Eric Cornell

Published May 18, 1997• 0 citations
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Abstract

In comparing evaporative cooling to Bose-Einstein Condensation in the F=2, mf= 2 and F=l, mf= -1 states of 87Rb we observe fewer condensate F=2 atoms, in contrast with a simple model.

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We report the experimental achievement of 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensation in a magnetic trap with microwave and radio frequency (RF) induced evaporation. Evaporative cooling is realized by using 6.8 GHz microwave radiation driving the 87Rb atoms to transit from the ground-state hyperfine state |F = 2,mF =2> to |F = 1,mF = 1>. Compared with RF-induced evaporation, 87Rb atoms are hardly to achieve pure condensate by microwave evaporation cooling due to the effect of atoms in the |F = 1,mF = 1> state being pumped back into the trapping |F = 2,mF = 1> state.
Bose-Einstein condensation of 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb has been observed in a vapor cell time-averaged orbiting potential trap, and the trapped condensates have been studied using in situ absorption and dark-ground imaging methods. Condensates of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ atoms were observed after 26 s of evaporative cooling. The evaporative cooling sequence consisted of a combination of cooling with ramping magnetic-field strengths and radio-frequency-induced cooling. The measured sizes, numbers of atoms, and transition temperatures of the condensates are consistent with theoretical predictions that include the effects of atomic interactions.
We report the experimental achievement of 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensation in a magnetic trap with microwave and radio frequency (RF) induced evaporation.Evaporative cooling is realized by using 6.8 GHz microwave radiation driving the 87 Rb atoms to transit from the ground-state hyperfine state |F = 2, mF = 2 to |F = 1, mF = 1 .Compared with RF-induced evaporation, 87 Rb atoms are hardly to achieve pure condensate by microwave evaporation cooling due to the effect of atoms in the |F = 1, mF = 1 state being pumped back into the trapping |F = 2, mF = 1 state.