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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Intensity noise reduction in light by photon control

A. Heidmann, Jerome C. Mertz, Claude Fabre, S. Raynaud, E. Giacobino

Published May 10, 1992• 0 citations
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Suppression of light amplitude noise by two-photon absorption in an external cavity

В. Н. Горбачев, A. S. Troshin, Andrew I. Trubilko

Optics and Spectroscopy•Mar 1, 1992•0 citations
We analyze different mechanisms for the generation of sub-Poissonian light beams within the framework of a simple photon model. In this model light is treated as a stream of discrete photon events that are localized in time. The course taken by each of these photons from its generation to its detection is evaluated according to the outcomes of several branching processes. We consider mechanisms in which the reduction of intensity noise below the shot-noise level is effected through control of photon deletion probabilities, both in a feedback configuration involving a single light beam and in a feedforward configuration involving twin light beams for which we explicitly include decorrelations. The resultant intensity noise spectra are evaluated analytically as well as numerically by Monte Carlo simulation. These results are compared with some corresponding results obtained from a semiclassical input–output analysis.
We present a comparison of various mechanisms used to reduce the intensity noise in light by photon control. The configurations that we examine are of the general feed-forward type with correlated twin beams, in which one beam is monitored and used to control the other directly. The control is achieved by a photon-deletion mechanism with an analog modulator or a clock-triggered digital gate or, alternatively, by a novel photon-delay mechanism. The mechanisms operate over complementary frequency ranges and can be combined to yield effective noise reduction significantly beyond the control channel bandwidth. The mechanisms considered are nonlinear in general (except for analog control) and are studied by Monte Carlo simulation with a corpuscular photon model.
We present two experiment that demonstrate intensity noise reduction in light below the standard quantum noise level. A first experiment establishes a reduction of 86 % in the intensity difference noise spectrum of twin beams generated by an Optical Parametric Oscillator. The second experiment exploits this intensity correlation between the twin beams and uses one beam to electro-optically control the other, generating a single beam whose intensity noise is reduced 24 % below the shot noise level. General theories are presented for both processes using a semi-classical input-output formalism. Control configurations are examined where the noise reduction is effected directly from one beam to the other (feedforward), or indirectly through the pump beam (feedback). We determine the maximum amount of noise reduction that may be obtained from active control and detail for these configurations the limitations imposed by constraints of causality and stability. Finally, we demonstrate the equivalence of the semi-classical model with a "corpuscular" photon model in the small fluctuation limit, which we substantiate using Monte-Carlo simulation.