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Réduction du bruit de photon à l'aide d'un asservissement sur des faisceaux jumeaux produits par un oscillateur paramétrique optique

Jerome C. Mertz

Published Nov 12, 1991• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present two experiment that demonstrate intensity noise reduction in light below the standard quantum noise level. A first experiment establishes a reduction of 86 % in the intensity difference noise spectrum of twin beams generated by an Optical Parametric Oscillator. The second experiment exploits this intensity correlation between the twin beams and uses one beam to electro-optically control the other, generating a single beam whose intensity noise is reduced 24 % below the shot noise level. General theories are presented for both processes using a semi-classical input-output formalism. Control configurations are examined where the noise reduction is effected directly from one beam to the other (feedforward), or indirectly through the pump beam (feedback). We determine the maximum amount of noise reduction that may be obtained from active control and detail for these configurations the limitations imposed by constraints of causality and stability. Finally, we demonstrate the equivalence of the semi-classical model with a "corpuscular" photon model in the small fluctuation limit, which we substantiate using Monte-Carlo simulation.

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CRC Press eBooks•Aug 12, 2020•0 citations
We present two experiment that demonstrate intensity noise reduction in light below the standard quantum noise level. A first experiment establishes a reduction of 86 % in the intensity difference noise spectrum of twin beams generated by an Optical Parametric Oscillator. The second experiment exploits this intensity correlation between the twin beams and uses one beam to electro-optically control the other, generating a single beam whose intensity noise is reduced 24 % below the shot noise level. General theories are presented for both processes using a semi-classical input-output formalism. Control configurations are examined where the noise reduction is effected directly from one beam to the other (feedforward), or indirectly through the pump beam (feedback). We determine the maximum amount of noise reduction that may be obtained from active control and detail for these configurations the limitations imposed by constraints of causality and stability. Finally, we demonstrate the equivalence of the semi-classical model with a "corpuscular" photon model in the small fluctuation limit, which we substantiate using Monte-Carlo simulation.
We present a general theory for intensity noise reduction when one beam of light is used to control another. We use a semiclassical input-output formalism and determine the conditions necessary for noise reduction below the shot-noise level. Configurations are examined where the intensity of one beam is monitored and control is effected directly to the other beam (feedforward), or indirectly through the beam source (feedback). The results are applied to the case of twin beams generated by an optical parametric oscillator. We detail for this system the implementation of an electro-optic control channel. Finally, a comparison is made between theory and experiment.
We present a comparison of various mechanisms used to reduce the intensity noise in light by photon control. The configurations that we examine are of the general feed-forward type with correlated twin beams, in which one beam is monitored and used to control the other directly. The control is achieved by a photon-deletion mechanism with an analog modulator or a clock-triggered digital gate or, alternatively, by a novel photon-delay mechanism. The mechanisms operate over complementary frequency ranges and can be combined to yield effective noise reduction significantly beyond the control channel bandwidth. The mechanisms considered are nonlinear in general (except for analog control) and are studied by Monte Carlo simulation with a corpuscular photon model.
We analyze different mechanisms for the generation of sub-Poissonian light beams within the framework of a simple photon model. In this model light is treated as a stream of discrete photon events that are localized in time. The course taken by each of these photons from its generation to its detection is evaluated according to the outcomes of several branching processes. We consider mechanisms in which the reduction of intensity noise below the shot-noise level is effected through control of photon deletion probabilities, both in a feedback configuration involving a single light beam and in a feedforward configuration involving twin light beams for which we explicitly include decorrelations. The resultant intensity noise spectra are evaluated analytically as well as numerically by Monte Carlo simulation. These results are compared with some corresponding results obtained from a semiclassical input–output analysis.
It has been recently shown theoretically1 and experimentally2 that nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators generate above threshold intense and highly correlated twin beams. More precisely, the noise on the difference between the intensities of the two beams is well below the shot noise for noise frequencies inside the cavity bandwidth. An application of this quantum correlation is to measure the intensity of one beam and use this information to correct the fluctuations of the other beam by optoelectronic means (photodiode, amplifier, and electrooptic modulator). The correction may be applied either on the pumping beam (feedback correction) or directly on the twin beam itself (feed-forward correction).
This chapter provides a review of both theoretical and experimental results that are obtained on the Non-Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillator above threshold operation. In particular it is shown that most of oscillator's characteristics can be understood from the fact that the non-linear crystal emits highly correlated twin photons. The chapter studies the correlation properties between the intensities of the corresponding twin fields. It provides a simple treatment in terms of “corpuscular” photons and gives a proof of the corpuscular model in a fully quantum manner. The chapter provides a classical representation of the fields but in which vacuum fluctuations are properly accounted. This “classical” approach yields the noise spectra of the various measurable quantities in the general case. The chapter presents observation of quantum noise reduction on the difference between the intensities of the two twin beams. It deals with new possible applications of the twin photons to spectroscopy and to the generation of amplitude squeezed laser beams.