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Journal of Time and Frequency

On Miniaturization of Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard

Lin Yang

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Rubidium atomic frequency standard(RAFS)is being used most popularly,and the miniaturization is the most significant aspect of RAFS.Cavity miniaturizing,circuits digitalizing and special function attaching are the main technical means.Coherent population trap(CPT)is a novel atomic frequency standard which can be built into a chip.Presently,the technique schemes for CPT clock include the traditional programme,adopting micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)technique for physical package,and adopting MEMS technique for whole set of device.Following the realization of miniaturization,the atomic frequency standard would face great development.

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Telecommunication Engineering•Jan 1, 2010•1 citation
Rubidium atomic frequency standard(RAFS)is being used most popularly,and the miniaturization is the most significant aspect of RAFS.Cavity miniaturizing,circuits digitalizing and special function attaching are the main technical means.Coherent population trap(CPT)is a novel atomic frequency standard which can be built into a chip.Presently,the technique schemes for CPT clock include the traditional programme,adopting micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)technique for physical package,and adopting MEMS technique for whole set of device.Following the realization of miniaturization,the atomic frequency standard would face great development.
Research on chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs) based on coherent population trapping (CPT) is reviewed. The background and the inspiration for the research are described, including the important schemes proposed to improve the CPT signal quality, the selection of atoms and buffer gases, and the development of micro-cell fabrication. With regard to the reliability, stability, and service life of the CSACs, the research regarding the sensitivity of the CPT resonance to temperature and laser power changes is also reviewed, as well as the CPT resonance's collision and light of frequency shifts. The first generation CSACs have already been developed but its characters are still far from our expectations. Our conclusion is that miniaturization and power reduction are the most important aspects calling for further research.
The structure and frequency shift characteristics of a new kind of miniature cavity-cell assembly for rubidium atomic frequency standards (RAFS) are reported. The cavity pull effect, microwave power shift, light shift and temperature coefficient which mostly influence the performance of RAFS are studied. The results indicate that the influences are controlled in an acceptable range. The cavity-cell assembly is of small size and high signal to noise ratio. The parameters of the assembly could be conveniently optimized. This cavity-cell assembly can be used to make a miniaturized rubidium atomic frequency standard with high performance.
A Coherent Population Trapping(CPT) atomic clock servo control circuit is designed based on the CPT phenomenon of 85 Rb. Taking MSP430 chip as a platform, combining with the physical device made up of Vecsel laser, photoelectric detector, and small 85 Rb vapor cell, a miniature atomic clock with the high-performance, high stability, low power consumption and small size is implemented. The volume is 31 cm3 and the power consumption is 660 m W. The frequency stability of 10 MHz measured is 2×10-10/s, 4×10-11/1 000 s. Full-hyperfine-splitting frequency modulation is used to improve the frequency stability.