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Jiliang xuebao

A Miniature Cavity-Cell Assembly for Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standards and Its Frequency Shift Characteristics

Baihua Xia, Da Zhong

Published Jan 1, 2005• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The structure and frequency shift characteristics of a new kind of miniature cavity-cell assembly for rubidium atomic frequency standards (RAFS) are reported. The cavity pull effect, microwave power shift, light shift and temperature coefficient which mostly influence the performance of RAFS are studied. The results indicate that the influences are controlled in an acceptable range. The cavity-cell assembly is of small size and high signal to noise ratio. The parameters of the assembly could be conveniently optimized. This cavity-cell assembly can be used to make a miniaturized rubidium atomic frequency standard with high performance.

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The structure and frequency shift characteristics of a new kind of miniature cavity-cell assembly for rubidium atomic frequency standards (RAFS) are reported. The cavity pull effect, microwave power shift, light shift and temperature coefficient which mostly influence the performance of RAFS are studied. The results indicate that the influences are controlled in an acceptable range. The cavity-cell assembly is of small size and high signal to noise ratio. The parameters of the assembly could be conveniently optimized. This cavity-cell assembly can be used to make a miniaturized rubidium atomic frequency standard with high performance.
Based on a miniaturized microwave cavity developed by ourselves and the separated filter technique, a new type of cavity-cell assembly for gas cell rubidium frequency standards was made. The light shift characteristics of the assembly were studied, and the conditions for minimum light shift and temperature coefficient were determined. The operating temperature for minimum light shift was found to be 68 ℃ for the new assembly, 5～10 ℃ lower than that for the conventional systems. The light shift coefficient under the optimized conditions was 7.2×10~(-12) /10%. The light shift effect in the new assembly was independent on the parameters of the absorption cell, thus could be minimized by optimizing only the parameters of the filter cell so that the parameter optimizing process was greatly simplified.
The present status of rubidium atom frequency standard is introduced. The factors influencing long-term stability were discussed such as the light frequency shift, collision frequency shift and microwave power frequency shift. When pumping light spectral function has small change, it will cause light shift. The method of reducing light shift was to control the slope between the light shift curve and collision shift curve until they were equal in value but opposite in direction. For reducing collision frequency shift, the rubidium absorbs cell with special glass was adopted to weaken the chemical reaction in the experiment. We believed that the new reason based on AC Zeeman effect was the main one to influence microwave power frequency shift, so the traditional explanation was not the main factor. In the experiment, microwave power frequency shift is eliminated through the circuit improvement. Therefore, better long-term stability can be obtained. The performance of rubidium atom frequency standard is greatly improved
Rubidium atomic frequency standard(RAFS)is being used most popularly,and the miniaturization is the most significant aspect of RAFS.Cavity miniaturizing,circuits digitalizing and special function attaching are the main technical means.Coherent population trap(CPT)is a novel atomic frequency standard which can be built into a chip.Presently,the technique schemes for CPT clock include the traditional programme,adopting micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)technique for physical package,and adopting MEMS technique for whole set of device.Following the realization of miniaturization,the atomic frequency standard would face great development.
Vapor-cell devices based on microwave interrogation provide a stable frequency reference with a compact and robust setup. Further miniaturization must focus on optimizing the physics package, containing the microwave cavity and atomic reservoir. In this article, we present a compact cavity-cell assembly based on a dielectric-loaded cylindrical resonator. The loaded cavity resonating at 6.83 GHz has an external volume of only 35 cm3and accommodates a vapor cell with 0.9-cm3inner volume. The proposed design aims at strongly reducing the core of the atomic clock, maintaining, at the same time, high-performing short-term stability (σy(τ)≤5×10−13 τ−1/2\sigma _{y}{(}\tau {)} \leq {5}\times {10}^{-{13}} \,\tau ^{-{1}/{2}}σy​(τ)≤5×10−13τ−1/2 standard Allan deviation). The proposed structure is characterized in terms of microwave field uniformity and atom-field coupling with the aid of finite-element calculations. The thermal sensitivity is also analyzed and experimentally characterized. We present preliminary spectroscopy results by integrating the compact cavity within a rubidium clock setup based on the pulsed optically pumping technique. The obtained clock signals are compatible with the targeted performances. The loaded-cavity approach is, thus, a viable design option for miniaturized microwave clocks.
We present first results on a laser-pumped, double resonance (DR) Rubidium atomic clock, based on micro-fabricated Rb vapour cells. The study aims towards a miniature atomic clock based on DR, using a low-power laser as pump light source and a miniaturized microwave coupling structure (that will replace the bulky microwave cavity employed in today's much bigger Rb clocks). Good signal amplitude, low background light level, and no need for GHz laser modulation are among the advantages of this approach.
Rubidium electrodeless lamp is one of the core components of rubidium atomic frequency standard. It plays the role of optical pumping and quantum state preparation, and realizes the particle number inversion between two ground states of rubidium atoms. The RF excitation frequency affects the effective light spectral distribution of rubidium electrodeless lamp, and then determines the pumping efficiency and the limiting frequency stability of rubidium atomic frequency standard. In this paper, the influence of RF excitation frequency on the spectral characteristics of rubidium electrodeless lamp can be optimized based on power compensation. It is found that there is a sensitive dependence between the heating rate and the excitation frequency of the rubidium electrodeless lamp, and the excitation frequency range corresponding to the turning point of the maximum heating rate was given experimentally. When the input power and the bubble wall temperature remain unchanged and the rubidium electrodeless lamp is in the ring-mode state, the spectral characteristics have a depression at the optimum resonance frequency. Therefore, the excitation frequency of the rubidium electrodeless lamp should be properly pulled to 5~9 MHz from the optimum resonant point, which can optimize the spectral characteristics of the rubidium electrodeless lamp and can improve the frequency stability of the rubidium atomic clock.