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LIGHT SHIFT IN A NEW CAVITY-CELL ASSEMBLY FOR RUBIDIUM ATOMIC FREQUENCY STANDARDS

Baihua Xia

Published Jan 1, 2004• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Based on a miniaturized microwave cavity developed by ourselves and the separated filter technique, a new type of cavity-cell assembly for gas cell rubidium frequency standards was made. The light shift characteristics of the assembly were studied, and the conditions for minimum light shift and temperature coefficient were determined. The operating temperature for minimum light shift was found to be 68 ℃ for the new assembly, 5～10 ℃ lower than that for the conventional systems. The light shift coefficient under the optimized conditions was 7.2×10~(-12) /10%. The light shift effect in the new assembly was independent on the parameters of the absorption cell, thus could be minimized by optimizing only the parameters of the filter cell so that the parameter optimizing process was greatly simplified.

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Optics Letters•May 2, 2011•8 citations
Based on a miniaturized microwave cavity developed by ourselves and the separated filter technique, a new type of cavity-cell assembly for gas cell rubidium frequency standards was made. The light shift characteristics of the assembly were studied, and the conditions for minimum light shift and temperature coefficient were determined. The operating temperature for minimum light shift was found to be 68 ℃ for the new assembly, 5～10 ℃ lower than that for the conventional systems. The light shift coefficient under the optimized conditions was 7.2×10~(-12) /10%. The light shift effect in the new assembly was independent on the parameters of the absorption cell, thus could be minimized by optimizing only the parameters of the filter cell so that the parameter optimizing process was greatly simplified.
The structure and frequency shift characteristics of a new kind of miniature cavity-cell assembly for rubidium atomic frequency standards (RAFS) are reported. The cavity pull effect, microwave power shift, light shift and temperature coefficient which mostly influence the performance of RAFS are studied. The results indicate that the influences are controlled in an acceptable range. The cavity-cell assembly is of small size and high signal to noise ratio. The parameters of the assembly could be conveniently optimized. This cavity-cell assembly can be used to make a miniaturized rubidium atomic frequency standard with high performance.
Experiments were carried out to evaluate the performances of a semiconductor laser pumped rubidium (87Rb) atomic clock. Two kinds of Rb gas cells were used and their performances were compared [gas cell A (natural rubidium (87Rb/85Rb =\frac{3}{7}) and buffer gases) and gas cell B (87Rb and buffer gases)]. The highest microwave frequency stabilities were estimated as3.4 \times 10^{-12} \tau^{-1/2}and2.7 \times 10^{-12} \tau^{-1/2}at the optimal gas cell temperatures of 60°C and 48°C for the gas cellsAandB, respectively (τ: integration time). The light shift, i.e., microwave frequency shift induced by laser light, was measured as -0.50 Hz/MHz and -0.11 Hz/MHz for the gas cellsAandBat their optimal operating conditions given above. As an improved experiment by utilizing high temporal coherence of the laser, a novel double resonance spectral line shape with a drastically narrower linewidth was demonstrated. A technique, similar to FM laser spectroscopy, was employed for this purpose by utilizing laser FM sidebands which are induced by microwave frequency modulation and nonlinear susceptibility of three-level87Rb atoms. The minimum linewidth obtained was 20 Hz, which can be used as a sensitive frequency discriminator for an improved87Rb atomic clock.
Abstract : In this work, we consider the light-shift coefficients observed in rubidium (Rb) atomic frequency standards, and how the units of measurement reported for light-shift coefficients trace back to the underlying physical parameters of the light-shift. We then measure the light-shift coefficient in an integrated filter-cell, commercial Rb clock, which is similar to the Rb clock design currently flying on Galileo and BeiDou satellites. We measure the light-shift coefficient for two different rf-discharge lamps (i.e., a pure 87 Rb lamp and a lamp filled with the natural Rb isotope abundance), and show that under certain conditions it is possible to combine light-shift data. Our light-shift coefficients are consistent with those reported for the Galileo Rb clock under the assumption of a natural (or 85 Rb isotopically enriched) rf- discharge lamp for the Galileo clock.
The present status of rubidium atom frequency standard is introduced. The factors influencing long-term stability were discussed such as the light frequency shift, collision frequency shift and microwave power frequency shift. When pumping light spectral function has small change, it will cause light shift. The method of reducing light shift was to control the slope between the light shift curve and collision shift curve until they were equal in value but opposite in direction. For reducing collision frequency shift, the rubidium absorbs cell with special glass was adopted to weaken the chemical reaction in the experiment. We believed that the new reason based on AC Zeeman effect was the main one to influence microwave power frequency shift, so the traditional explanation was not the main factor. In the experiment, microwave power frequency shift is eliminated through the circuit improvement. Therefore, better long-term stability can be obtained. The performance of rubidium atom frequency standard is greatly improved
Abstract : Results of calculation and measurements on the light shift and buffer gas shift in passive rubidium frequency standards are reported. The light shift was measured for two configurations: the separated filter and the integrated filter approaches. A phenomenological analysis, which describes well the results obtained, is presented. Measurements of the frequency shifts created by various buffer gases-pure or mixture- are reported. A nonlinear dependence of frequency versus temperature is observed. The results are compared to already published data and a simple analysis using an equation quadratic in temperature is used to explain those results. (Author)
We studied the relationship between the frequency shift of coherent population trapping resonance and the cell temperature of (85)Rb. Results show that the temperature coefficient of the frequency shift can be reduced by buffer gas pressure adjustment and light shift optimization. When the contribution of buffer gas collision to temperature coefficient of frequency shift is less than 0.3 Hz/K, the contribution of light shift to the temperature coefficient of frequency shift becomes obvious. Under this cancelling effect, we can reduce the rate of total frequency shift to near zero.