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Optics Letters

Minimization of the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency shift in the coherent population trapping clock

Ke Deng, Xuzong Chen, Zhong Wang

Published May 2, 2011• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We studied the relationship between the frequency shift of coherent population trapping resonance and the cell temperature of (85)Rb. Results show that the temperature coefficient of the frequency shift can be reduced by buffer gas pressure adjustment and light shift optimization. When the contribution of buffer gas collision to temperature coefficient of frequency shift is less than 0.3 Hz/K, the contribution of light shift to the temperature coefficient of frequency shift becomes obvious. Under this cancelling effect, we can reduce the rate of total frequency shift to near zero.

DOI
10.1364/ol.36.001740

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We studied the relationship between the frequency shift of coherent population trapping resonance and the cell temperature of (85)Rb. Results show that the temperature coefficient of the frequency shift can be reduced by buffer gas pressure adjustment and light shift optimization. When the contribution of buffer gas collision to temperature coefficient of frequency shift is less than 0.3 Hz/K, the contribution of light shift to the temperature coefficient of frequency shift becomes obvious. Under this cancelling effect, we can reduce the rate of total frequency shift to near zero.
We studied the relationship between pressure ratio of the buffer gases (argon and neon) and the rate of coherent population trapping resonance frequency shift with cell temperature in Rb85. We found that when the total pressure of the buffer gases varies within the range of 5–15kPa, the frequency shift rate varies along a bell shaped curve. Every curve crossed the horizontal axis at two points that are roughly symmetrical with respect to the midpoint at 1:1. This allows us to minimize the rate of frequency shift by adjusting the pressure ratio of the buffer gases to these two points.
We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the light shift of the coherent population trapping resonance frequency depends on the buffer gases pressure. The light shift suppression becomes impossible when a certain value of the buffer gases pressure is exceeded. We estimate the minimal dimensions of an atomic cell at which the zero light shift and the lowest ground-state relaxation rate can be achieved simultaneously. A new technique of the light shift cancellation by means of a feedback utilizing the RF power modulation is proposed.
Through the detection of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) resonances, we demonstrate the temperature-dependence cancellation of the Cs clock frequency in microfabricated vapor cells filled with a mixture of Ne and Ar. The inversion temperature at which the Cs clock frequency temperature sensitivity is greatly reduced only depends on the partial pressure of buffer gases and is measured to be lower than 80°C as expected with simple theoretical calculations. These results are important for the development of state-of-the-art Cs vapor cell clocks with improved long-term frequency stability.
In order to exploit its potential applications, we experimentally study the dependence of 85 Rb-based coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance on N 2 buffer gas with 6 vapor cells filled with natural rubidium and N 2 . The experiments are carried out at different pressures and temperatures, and the results reveal that higher cell temperature makes the resonance more sensitive to N 2 pressure. Thus, it is important to choose a proper buffer gas pressure at a given cell temperature. This work provides valuable data for the application of 85 Rb CPT resonance with a buffer gas of N 2 .
The paper shows the presents results of studies of small-size rubidium cells with argon and neon buffer gases, produced by a patent pended technique of laser welding [Fishman et al. (2014)]. Cells were designed for miniature frequency standard. Temperature dependence of the frequency of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance was measured and used to optimize the ratio of partial pressures of buffer gases. The influence of duration and regime of annealing on the CPT-resonance frequency drift was investigated. The parameters of the FM modulation of laser current for two cases which correspond to the highest amplitude of CPT resonance and to the smallest light shifts of the resonance frequency were determined. The temperature dependences of the CPT resonance frequency were found to be surprisingly different in the two cases. A non-linear dependence of CPT resonance frequency on the temperature of the cell with the two extremes was revealed for one of these cases.