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Optics Express

Effect of the buffer gases on the light shift suppression possibility

Maria I. Vaskovskaya, Eugene A. Tsygankov, Dmitry S. Chuchelov, Sergei A. Zibrov, Vitali V. Vassiliev, Vladimir L Velichansky

Published Nov 21, 2019• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the light shift of the coherent population trapping resonance frequency depends on the buffer gases pressure. The light shift suppression becomes impossible when a certain value of the buffer gases pressure is exceeded. We estimate the minimal dimensions of an atomic cell at which the zero light shift and the lowest ground-state relaxation rate can be achieved simultaneously. A new technique of the light shift cancellation by means of a feedback utilizing the RF power modulation is proposed.

DOI
10.1364/oe.27.035856

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We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the light shift of the coherent population trapping resonance frequency depends on the buffer gases pressure. The light shift suppression becomes impossible when a certain value of the buffer gases pressure is exceeded. We estimate the minimal dimensions of an atomic cell at which the zero light shift and the lowest ground-state relaxation rate can be achieved simultaneously. A new technique of the light shift cancellation by means of a feedback utilizing the RF power modulation is proposed.
We studied the relationship between the frequency shift of coherent population trapping resonance and the cell temperature of (85)Rb. Results show that the temperature coefficient of the frequency shift can be reduced by buffer gas pressure adjustment and light shift optimization. When the contribution of buffer gas collision to temperature coefficient of frequency shift is less than 0.3 Hz/K, the contribution of light shift to the temperature coefficient of frequency shift becomes obvious. Under this cancelling effect, we can reduce the rate of total frequency shift to near zero.
We studied the relationship between pressure ratio of the buffer gases (argon and neon) and the rate of coherent population trapping resonance frequency shift with cell temperature in Rb85. We found that when the total pressure of the buffer gases varies within the range of 5–15kPa, the frequency shift rate varies along a bell shaped curve. Every curve crossed the horizontal axis at two points that are roughly symmetrical with respect to the midpoint at 1:1. This allows us to minimize the rate of frequency shift by adjusting the pressure ratio of the buffer gases to these two points.
Although the frequency position of the non-coupled state in coherent population trapping does not depend on light intensities, this is not true for the experimentally observed dark resonance minimum. For precision applications, this shift constitutes a major systematic effect. We have measured the light shift in an atomic celsium vapor, as a function of buffer gas pressures. The experimental data for the unbuffered vapor can be reproduced quantitatively with a simple model, taking into account the atomic velocity distribution and the excited state hyperfine structure. The buffered vapor requires a more complicated model.
We have measured the spectral position of the absorption minimum in a coherent population trapping resonance in thermal cesium vapor as a function of light intensity. The dependence of position on intensity is found to be almost linear. We have furthermore studied the dependence of this light shift on neon buffer gas pressure and find a strong reduction for higher pressures. So the addition of a buffer gas not only reduces the linewidth of the resonance but also a very important systematic effect for precision measurements.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) signals can be optimized with amplitude-modulated pumping light. As shown theoretically and experimentally in this paper, the optimum wave forms produce strong CPT signals at both low buffer-gas pressures, where the hyperfine structure (HFS) splitting of the optical absorption lines is well resolved, and also at high buffer-gas pressures, where the HFS is no longer optically resolved due to pressure broadening. On the other hand, CPT resonances from frequency-modulated waves are severely degraded for these high-pressure conditions. High buffer-gas pressures may offer advantages for miniature frequency standards and magnetometers, including suppression of diffusion losses in miniature cells, suppression of light shifts, and less stringent requirements for frequency stability of the pumping light sources.