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Journal of South China Normal University

SUPERFLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES OF INDIGENOUS Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) CO-DOPED OPTICAL FIBER

Wei Yingyin

Published Jan 1, 1999• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

An experiment on the indigenous Er3+ /Yb3+ co - doped fiber pumped by 1064 nm Nd: YAGis conducted in which 1 .55 μm superfluorescence of microwatt magnitude can be measured. The experiment shows the energy transfer from Ybe+ to Er3+ and provides an experimental basis for developing fiberpower amplifiers with the indigenous Er3+ /Yb3+ co - doped fiber.

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An experiment on the indigenous Er3+ /Yb3+ co - doped fiber pumped by 1064 nm Nd: YAGis conducted in which 1 .55 μm superfluorescence of microwatt magnitude can be measured. The experiment shows the energy transfer from Ybe+ to Er3+ and provides an experimental basis for developing fiberpower amplifiers with the indigenous Er3+ /Yb3+ co - doped fiber.
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) can very efficiently convert pump to signal energy. Quantum efficiencies higher than 80 % with 1.48 pm pump [1], and 93% when pumped at 980 nm [2] are reported. However, even higher values should be theoretically possible for an ideal EDFA. Various physical effects may lead to quantum efficiency (QE) reduction. Not all of them are quite well understood yet. At Erbium concentrations above 100 ppm by weight the pump loss is partly explained by energy transfer between two excited ions resulting in upcon- version process [3]. At low concentrations Excited-State Absorption (ESA) could be a more significant effect reducing QE. ESA of photons from 1.5 |im band have been predicted from absorption measurements [4] and also observed [5]. However, to our knowledge, no quantitative analysis has been made which would distinguish between the contributions of ESA and two-particle upconversion when measurements of short wavelength luminescence were performed.
Erbium ytterbium co-doped super-fluorescent fiber source (EYD-SFS) has been simulated by a theoretical model based on rate equations and power transfer equations. The output performances of four basic structures of EYD-SFS have been expressed, and it indicated that the DPF structure is a preferable structure. The dependence of output power, mean wavelength and bandwidth stability on the pump fiber length and the concentration of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ have also been studied. The results indicated with a proper doping concentration of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ of 6.0 × 10 26 ions/m 3 and 1.0 × 10 27 ions/m 3 , the optimal gain fiber length is 3.6 cm. In this condition, good performances of DPF structure of EYD-SFS have been achieved.
Considering cooperative up-conversion,cross-relaxation and excited state absorption,the rate equations of eight energy levels were founded for Yb-Er co-doped Al 2O 3 materials.The functions of coefficients of cooperative up-conversion,cross-relaxation and excited state absorption varied along with the concentrations of ytterbium and erbium were built phenomenologically.The relationship among 1.53 μm photoluminescence intensity,doped concentration,and pump power were numerically simulated for Yb-Er co-doped Al 2O 3 film.The results show that there is the optimum Yb-doped concentration when Er-doped concentration and pump power are constant.The optimal Yb∶Er ratio will decrease following with increase of pump power under the fixed Er-doped concentration,and the optimal Yb∶Er ratio will also decrease following with increase of Er-doped concentration when pump power is fixed.The computed results are in good agreement with the experiment surveys.
A detailed investigation is made of the spectral properties of several superfluorescence operations in Nd-doped and Er-doped silica fibres pumped by a 514.5 nm Ar ion laser. The study demonstrates the spectral narrowing processes in the operations of superfluorescence. In Nd-doped fibre, the higher gain at 1080 nm suppresses the emission at about 910 nm, but the authors have still realized, for the first time, superfluorescence in this wavelength band, and a 0.4 mW output was achieved in a double-pass configuration. Also, the process of change from superfluorescence to lasing was recorded and analysed.
Multiphoton and cooperative upconversion excitation of Er3+ ions has been studied in two Er3+/Ge-doped optical fibers with different Er3+ concentrations by using 120-fs pulses at 1.51 μm. In the case of high Er3+ concentration it is demonstrated that the excitation of the excited levels is dominated by cooperative upconversion, whereas multiphoton absorption is mainly responsible for the excitation of the excited levels in the case of low Er3+ concentration. Lifetimes of the excited levels are measured to lie between 1 and 10 μs.