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Numerical Analysis of 1.53μm Photoluminescence Characteristics in Yb-Er Co-doped Al_2O_3 Materials

Yufeng Liu

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Considering cooperative up-conversion,cross-relaxation and excited state absorption,the rate equations of eight energy levels were founded for Yb-Er co-doped Al 2O 3 materials.The functions of coefficients of cooperative up-conversion,cross-relaxation and excited state absorption varied along with the concentrations of ytterbium and erbium were built phenomenologically.The relationship among 1.53 μm photoluminescence intensity,doped concentration,and pump power were numerically simulated for Yb-Er co-doped Al 2O 3 film.The results show that there is the optimum Yb-doped concentration when Er-doped concentration and pump power are constant.The optimal Yb∶Er ratio will decrease following with increase of pump power under the fixed Er-doped concentration,and the optimal Yb∶Er ratio will also decrease following with increase of Er-doped concentration when pump power is fixed.The computed results are in good agreement with the experiment surveys.

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Considering cooperative up-conversion,cross-relaxation and excited state absorption,the rate equations of eight energy levels were founded for Yb-Er co-doped Al 2O 3 materials.The functions of coefficients of cooperative up-conversion,cross-relaxation and excited state absorption varied along with the concentrations of ytterbium and erbium were built phenomenologically.The relationship among 1.53 μm photoluminescence intensity,doped concentration,and pump power were numerically simulated for Yb-Er co-doped Al 2O 3 film.The results show that there is the optimum Yb-doped concentration when Er-doped concentration and pump power are constant.The optimal Yb∶Er ratio will decrease following with increase of pump power under the fixed Er-doped concentration,and the optimal Yb∶Er ratio will also decrease following with increase of Er-doped concentration when pump power is fixed.The computed results are in good agreement with the experiment surveys.
Erbium ytterbium co-doped super-fluorescent fiber source (EYD-SFS) has been simulated by a theoretical model based on rate equations and power transfer equations. The output performances of four basic structures of EYD-SFS have been expressed, and it indicated that the DPF structure is a preferable structure. The dependence of output power, mean wavelength and bandwidth stability on the pump fiber length and the concentration of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ have also been studied. The results indicated with a proper doping concentration of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ of 6.0 × 10 26 ions/m 3 and 1.0 × 10 27 ions/m 3 , the optimal gain fiber length is 3.6 cm. In this condition, good performances of DPF structure of EYD-SFS have been achieved.
The effects of Au thin layers on luminescence properties of Er and Yb co-doped Al2O3 films were studied. The 1.54μm emission of Er3+ excited by the energy transfer from Yb3+ is found to be strongly enhanced by placing a Au layer on top of the films. Photoluminescence excitation spectra of the 1.54μm PL of Er3+ and time transients of the 980nm emission of Yb3+ revealed that PL enhancement arises from two different mechanisms. The first one is the enhancement of local electric fields accompanied by the excitation of surface plasmons of rough Au surfaces. The other one is the enhancement of energy transfer rate from Yb3+ to Er3+ caused by the modification of the local photonic mode density at the position of the Yb–Er coupled system.
An experimental and theoretical investigation of the nonlinear transmission coefficient in a set of Ytterbium-doped silica fibers (YFs) with various concentrations of Yb(3+) ions at continuous-wave 980-nm pumping is reported. An analysis of the obtained experimental data shows that YF transmission coefficient is notably affected by the presence of Yb(3+) - Yb(3+) ion-pairs in the fibers, especially in heavily-doped ones. The last fact is confirmed by the study of the cooperative luminescence and absorption effects in the fibers, where a detailed inspection of their dependence on Yb3+ concentration is presented. The pairs' effect is shown to seriously modify both the nonlinear character of YF transmission coefficient at lambda = 980 nm and Yb(3+) excited-state relaxation. A modeling of the experimental data is performed, which allows to find the coefficients addressing the pairs' effect in each of YFs under study and, as a result, to fit the experimentally measured dependences of YF transmission coefficient on pump power, fiber length, and Yb(3+) concentration.
Successful incorporation of both erbium and ytterbium in alumina by ion implantation is reported. Some evidence for indirect pumping of erbium through the transfer of energy from ytterbium has been observed. Both plasma-enhanced CVD deposited alumina thin films and sapphire crystals were employed as substrates. Yb3+ and Er3+ concentrations ranged from 2.4 At% to 8 At% and from 0.4 At% to 0.8 At%, respectively. The samples show strong, broad, room-temperature photoluminescence at λ = 1.53 µm corresponding to the intra-4f transitions between the 4I13/2 (first excited) and the 4I15/2 (ground) state of Er3+. The full width at half maximum of the emission spectrum is as high as 67 nm for the Al2O3 thin films; for the sapphire crystals it is 45 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of the samples has been measured to be as high as 4.2 ms at 50 mW pump power.
The effect of homogeneous upconversion on the performance of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is analyzed numerically, by means of a set of rate equations model. In particular, the influence of pump power, signal power, and Er/sup 3+/ concentration on the degradation, due to upconversion, is examined. Forward pumping is considered and amplified spontaneous emission, as well as scattering loss are taken into account. In addition, approximate analytical solutions, for the rate equations, which include the effect of the cooperative upconversion, are presented. It is shown that under the considered conditions, these analytical solutions provide a good approximation to the exact numerical solution and thus may be used for the design of such amplifiers.