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Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology

Study of dynamic response of both Er3~ and Yb~(3+) in Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)co-doped crystal system under pulse pumping

Guo Zhen

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Based on rate equations,dynamic behavior of upper-level populations of Er~(3+)and Yb~(3+)in Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)co-doped crystal system was analyzed under pumping light of the different pulse durations.The results show that saturation and hole burning of inhomogeneously broadened Yb~(3+)absorption lines are of prima- ry importance in determining the dynamics and efficieney of the Yb~(3+)to Er~(3+)energy transfer.

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Chinese Optics Letters•Jan 1, 2012•8 citations
Based on rate equations,dynamic behavior of upper-level populations of Er~(3+)and Yb~(3+)in Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)co-doped crystal system was analyzed under pumping light of the different pulse durations.The results show that saturation and hole burning of inhomogeneously broadened Yb~(3+)absorption lines are of prima- ry importance in determining the dynamics and efficieney of the Yb~(3+)to Er~(3+)energy transfer.
Characteristics of ytterbium to erbium energy transfer in Yb:Er:phosphate glasses have been studied for a case when Nd phosphate glass laser is used as a pumping source. A theoretical model of the energy transfer was developed to reproduce the experimentally observed population dynamics of the Er/sup 3+/ upper and lower laser levels. The results show that saturation and frequency hole burning of the inhomogeneously broadened Yb/sup 3+/ absorption line are of primary importance in determining the dynamics and efficiency of the Yb/sup 3+/-Er/sup 3+/ energy transfer under Nd laser pumping. The influence of other loss channels that have been identified in previous studies is found to be relatively small. The model also yields the lifetime of the frequency hole, as well as the effective rates of energy transfer between groups of Yb/sup 3+/ and Er/sup 3+/ ions in phosphate glasses.>
Considering cooperative up-conversion,cross-relaxation and excited state absorption,the rate equations of eight energy levels were founded for Yb-Er co-doped Al 2O 3 materials.The functions of coefficients of cooperative up-conversion,cross-relaxation and excited state absorption varied along with the concentrations of ytterbium and erbium were built phenomenologically.The relationship among 1.53 μm photoluminescence intensity,doped concentration,and pump power were numerically simulated for Yb-Er co-doped Al 2O 3 film.The results show that there is the optimum Yb-doped concentration when Er-doped concentration and pump power are constant.The optimal Yb∶Er ratio will decrease following with increase of pump power under the fixed Er-doped concentration,and the optimal Yb∶Er ratio will also decrease following with increase of Er-doped concentration when pump power is fixed.The computed results are in good agreement with the experiment surveys.
The results of a series of pump–probe spectral hole-burning experiments are presented on Yb3+- or Er3+-doped Li6Y(BO3)3 (LYB) single crystals in the temperature range of 2–14 K and 9–28 K, respectively. The spectral hole has a complex structure for Yb3+ with superposed narrow and broad bands, while a single absorption hole has been observed for Er3+. Population relaxation times (T1) at about 850 ± 60 μs and 1010 ± 50 μs and dipole relaxation times (T2) with values of 1100 ± 120 ns and 14.2 ± 0.3 ns have been obtained for the two components measured for the Yb3+:2F7/2—2F5/2 transition. T1 = 402 ± 8 μs and T2 = 11.9 ± 0.2 ns values have been found for the Er3+:4I15/2—4I11/2 excitation. The spectral diffusion rate at about 1 and 5 MHz/ms has been determined for the narrow and broad spectral line in Yb3+-doped crystal, respectively. The temperature dependence of the spectral hole halfwidth has also been investigated.
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) crystals doped with Erbium have posed an interesting position in the field of rare earth solid state lasers as they possess the property of self-saturation, in which the upper energy level in a laser has a much shorter lifetime than that of the lower level.The non-linear energy transfer dynamics of Er:YAG are modeled under high resonant pump conditions. Specifically the multi-photon effect known as excited state absorption (ESA) is modeled by measuring the cross section in a single crystal Er:YAG sample utilizing a pump and probe technique. The measured ESA cross section is then included in the rate equation modeling that has typically been ignored such an effect when modeling the non-linear ion to ion interactions. By pumping with selective resonant pumps, the interaction dynamics of the upper and the lower laser levels in the Erbium ion reveal the contributions of the non-linear energy transfer mechanisms towards the populations of the levels respectively. This thesis work shows the added accuracy of the rate equation modeling by its inclusion of the measured ESA cross-section and its effect on the population evolution in the Er:YAG system. The model will be tested with measurements made with select Er:YAG crystals being pumped by combinations of resonant infra-red lasers with a chopper spinning at a rate on the order of magnitude of the lower lasing level lifetime.
Some analysis of the transient response of the Yb-doped fiber amplifier are performed by solving a set of time-dependent rate and power transfer equations based on finite-difference method. Meanwhile, the variation of time to reach the steady state for upper level population distribution, the forward and backward amplified spontaneous emissions (ASEs) and stored energy on the system parameters including pump power, fiber length, Yb-doped concentration, and core area are numerically simulated, respectively. The results show that, by optimizing pump pulse width, stored energy can reach or even exceed the steady state value of continuous wave (CW) pump. By increasing Yb-doped concentration and core area, stored energy is increased, the ASE is suppressed and the ASE built-up time is postponed. In addition, the experimental results show the validity of the theoretical ASE built-up time. The obtained results can provide important guiding for the optimization of pump pulse width and fiber parameters.