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Efficient and secure quantum secret sharing scheme based on polarized single photons

Wei Wang

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

To improve the efficiency and security of quantum secret sharing,with the help of Grover’s algorithm,a quantum secret sharing scheme based on polarized single photons is proposed.Efficiency analysis indicates that all qubits can be used in the secret sharing and its theoretical efficiency achieves to 100%.In the security proving,with Grover’s operator and quantum entanglement,the protocol can resist the middleman attack effectively.And by using auxiliary qubit,the protocol can detect the Trojan horse attack with high probability.The extension of Grover’s operator shows the scheme which contains pairs is feasible and applicable.Finally,a view concerning the future work in quantum secret sharing is represented.

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To improve the efficiency and security of quantum secret sharing,with the help of Grover’s algorithm,a quantum secret sharing scheme based on polarized single photons is proposed.Efficiency analysis indicates that all qubits can be used in the secret sharing and its theoretical efficiency achieves to 100%.In the security proving,with Grover’s operator and quantum entanglement,the protocol can resist the middleman attack effectively.And by using auxiliary qubit,the protocol can detect the Trojan horse attack with high probability.The extension of Grover’s operator shows the scheme which contains pairs is feasible and applicable.Finally,a view concerning the future work in quantum secret sharing is represented.
With the help of quantum computation operator,a quantum secret sharing scheme based on polarized single photons is proposed.Efficiency analysis indicates that all qubits can be used in the secret sharing.With the permutation operator and quantum entanglement,the protocol can resist the middleman attack effectively.By using the auxiliary qubit,the protocol can detect the Trojan horse attack with high probability.The extension of the permutation operator shows the scheme which contains n pairs is feasible and applicable.
By using order rearrangements to generate sub-secrets, we propose a novel multi-party quantum secret sharing protocol based on single photons. Obviously, the method to form sub-secrets is special and interesting here. We analyze the security of the proposed protocol, and detect that it can resist the general attacks: the intercept-resend attack, the entangle-measure attack and Trojan horse attack. We calculate the efficiency of the proposed protocol, and show that it is higher than those of some quantum secret sharing protocols.
This study proposes a multiparty single-photon semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) protocol to simultaneously improve quantum bit (qubit) efficiency and practical feasibility. Existing quantum secret sharing protocols typically assume that all participants possess full quantum capabilities, which limits their deployment in real-world environments. To address this issue, the proposed protocol was designed using a semi-quantum model, allowing N agents with limited quantum capabilities to participate in the secret-sharing process. In terms of efficiency, the proposed protocol employs single photons as quantum resources and is analyzed under a unified definition of qubit efficiency. The results show that the qubit efficiency of the proposed protocol reaches 12N\frac{1}{2N}2N1​ , which is comparable to the best recent quantum secret sharing protocols and outperforms most existing SQSS methods. Unlike certain protocols in which qubit efficiency decreases exponentially with the number of participants, the quantum resource consumption of the proposed protocol increases linearly with the number of agents. Consequently, its qubit efficiency decreases proportionally to 1N\frac{1}{N}N1​ , rather than exponentially, providing better scalability as the number of agents increases. In terms of security, the protocol is analyzed against several attack models, including intercept-resend, entangle-and-measure, collective, and collusion attacks. The analysis shows that an adversary cannot obtain useful information without detection under these attacks, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed protocol.
In single-qubit quantum secret sharing, a secret is shared between NNN parties via manipulation and measurement of one qubit at a time. Each qubit is sent to all NNN parties in sequence; the secret is encoded in the first participant's preparation of the qubit state and the subsequent participants' choices of state rotation or measurement basis. We present a protocol for single-qubit quantum secret sharing using polarization entanglement of photon pairs produced in type-I spontaneous parametric downconversion. We investigate the protocol's security against eavesdropping attack under common experimental conditions: a lossy channel for photon transmission, and imperfect preparation of the initial qubit state. A protocol which exploits entanglement between photons, rather than simply polarization correlation, is more robustly secure. We implement the entanglement-based secret-sharing protocol with 87% secret-sharing fidelity, limited by the purity of the entangled state produced by our present apparatus. We demonstrate a photon-number splitting eavesdropping attack, which achieves no success against the entanglement-based protocol while showing the predicted rate of success against a correlation-based protocol.
A quantum dialogue protocol based on single photons is proposed in this paper, two legitimate dialogue parties can send their secret messages to each other simultaneously. The protocol is secure against the denial of service attack, the delay-photon Trojan horse attack and invisible photon eavesdropping attack. Moreover, it can overcome the information leakage problem existed in most previous quantum dialogue protocols. Compared with the only secure quantum dialogue protocol based on single photons which also can overcome the information leakage problem as far as we know, our protocol has a higher efficiency for qubits. The protocol is experimentally feasible within current technologies.
The aim of quantum secret sharing, as one of most promising components of quantum cryptograph, is one-to-multiparty secret communication based on the principles of quantum mechanics. In this paper, an efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol in a high-dimensional quantum system using a single qudit is proposed. Each participant's shadow is encoded on a single qudit via a measuring basis encryption method, which avoids the waste of qudits caused by basis reconciliation. Security analysis indicates that the proposed protocol is immune to general attacks, such as the measure-resend attack, entangle-and-measure attack and Trojan horse attack. Compared to former protocols, the proposed protocol only needs to perform the single-qudit measurement operation, and can share the predetermined dits instead of random bits or dits.