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International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP)

An efficient quantum secure dialogue scheme without information leakage by using single photons

Zhenchao Zhu, Aiqun Hu, Anmin Fu

Published Dec 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum dialogue protocol based on single photons is proposed in this paper, two legitimate dialogue parties can send their secret messages to each other simultaneously. The protocol is secure against the denial of service attack, the delay-photon Trojan horse attack and invisible photon eavesdropping attack. Moreover, it can overcome the information leakage problem existed in most previous quantum dialogue protocols. Compared with the only secure quantum dialogue protocol based on single photons which also can overcome the information leakage problem as far as we know, our protocol has a higher efficiency for qubits. The protocol is experimentally feasible within current technologies.

DOI
10.1109/cisp.2013.6743937

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A quantum dialogue protocol based on single photons is proposed in this paper, two legitimate dialogue parties can send their secret messages to each other simultaneously. The protocol is secure against the denial of service attack, the delay-photon Trojan horse attack and invisible photon eavesdropping attack. Moreover, it can overcome the information leakage problem existed in most previous quantum dialogue protocols. Compared with the only secure quantum dialogue protocol based on single photons which also can overcome the information leakage problem as far as we know, our protocol has a higher efficiency for qubits. The protocol is experimentally feasible within current technologies.
An efficient practical feasible protocol for quantum secure dialogue by using single photons is proposed. Comparing with the previous protocols, in the proposed protocol, no classical message has to exchanged during the decoding of the secret messages, so the present scheme is not only overcome the drawback “information leakage”, it possesses the characters of security and maximum efficiency. The other highlight of our protocol is that, in this method one party is able to first read the message received from the other party before sending another message back in reply.
An efficient protocol for quantum secure dialogue by using single photons is proposed. Comparing with the previous protocols, in the proposed protocol, no classical message has been exchanged during the decoding of the secret messages, so the present scheme has not only overcome the drawback "information leakage" or "classical correlation" but also it possesses the characters of security and maximum efficiency. The other highlight of our protocol is that, in this method one party is able to first read the message received from the other party before sending another message back in reply.
Semi-quantum dialogue (SQD) enables secure bidirectional communication even when one participant has limited quantum capabilities. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and quantum resource constraints, an efficient SQD protocol using single-photon is proposed. In the SQD, one communicating party needs to have semi-quantum capabilities to complete the dialogue, which could consume lower quantum resource. Moreover, single photons as quantum channels significantly reduces both preparation and operational costs. Finally, decryption can be performed without any classical disclosure, effectively preventing potential information leakage. Security analysis demonstrates resilience against common attacks, including intercept-resend, measure-resend, entanglement-measurement, and Trojan horse attacks, with no information leakage. Compared with existing semi-quantum dialogue protocols, our proposed protocol consumes fewer quantum resources while achieving higher communication efficiency and enhanced security.
This paper puts forward a novel quantum dialogue (QD) protocol without information leakage based on single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. In this protocol, the receiver sends his private message to the sender in the way of quantum secure direct communication; and the receiver decodes out the private message of the sender with the help of auxiliary single photons in two degrees of freedom, double controlled-not (CNOT) operations and an auxiliary classical bit sequence sent from the sender. As a result, no information leakage takes place. Moreover, this protocol is proven to defeat the intercept-resend attack, the measure-resend attack, the entangle-measure attack and the Trojan horse attack from an outside eavesdropper. This protocol only employs single photons in two degrees of freedom as quantum resource and needs single-photon measurements. The qubit efficiency of this protocol is as high as 66.7%.
Drawing on the idea of the quantum secure direct communication(QSDC),a novel quantum dialogue scheme based on Bell states is presented in this paper.The proposed scheme can realize authorized parties' secure exchange of their respective secret messages simultaneously only through one communication.In this scheme,a random bit string and checking particles are used to ensure the security;the scheme is secure against eavesdropper's commonly used attacks,such as intercept/resend attack,Trojan horse attack and entanglement attack.A serious problem called leakage or correlation is found in some quantum dialogue protocols,namely,any eavesdropper can elicit some information about the secret from the classical communication of the legal users.Fortunately,our protocol can discard the drawback leakage.In addition,our protocol possesses high efficiency 66.7% and is feasible.Finally,the protocol is applied to the scheme based on two-qutrit entangled states with a secure communication.
In this paper, a quantum dialogue (QD) protocol without information leakage is proposed at first by using single photons as the quantum resource, where each single photon is directly encoded for transmitting secret messages. Two communication parties share the quantum state generation rule in advance. The preparation party reads out the other party's secret messages by virtue of quantum secure direct communication. The other party decodes out the preparation party's secret messages with the aid of a classical information sequence indicating the preparation bases of single photons sent from the preparation party. In this way, the information leakage problem is avoided. The proposed protocol with single photons only needs the single-photon measurements. Different from Shi's two recent QD protocols based on single photons, the proposed protocol with single photons needs neither to prepare two adjacent single photons in the same quantum state nor to perform the controlled-not (CNOT) operations. Finally, the proposed protocol with single photons is generalized into the cases of resisting collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise by using logical qubits as the quantum resource, respectively.