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International Conference on Quantum Information

An Efficient Protocol for Quantum Secure Dialogue With Authentication by Using Single Photons

Faiegh Sheikhehi, Mosayeb Naseri

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An efficient practical feasible protocol for quantum secure dialogue by using single photons is proposed. Comparing with the previous protocols, in the proposed protocol, no classical message has to exchanged during the decoding of the secret messages, so the present scheme is not only overcome the drawback “information leakage”, it possesses the characters of security and maximum efficiency. The other highlight of our protocol is that, in this method one party is able to first read the message received from the other party before sending another message back in reply.

DOI
10.1364/icqi.2011.qmi42

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An efficient practical feasible protocol for quantum secure dialogue by using single photons is proposed. Comparing with the previous protocols, in the proposed protocol, no classical message has to exchanged during the decoding of the secret messages, so the present scheme is not only overcome the drawback “information leakage”, it possesses the characters of security and maximum efficiency. The other highlight of our protocol is that, in this method one party is able to first read the message received from the other party before sending another message back in reply.
An efficient protocol for quantum secure dialogue by using single photons is proposed. Comparing with the previous protocols, in the proposed protocol, no classical message has been exchanged during the decoding of the secret messages, so the present scheme has not only overcome the drawback "information leakage" or "classical correlation" but also it possesses the characters of security and maximum efficiency. The other highlight of our protocol is that, in this method one party is able to first read the message received from the other party before sending another message back in reply.
A quantum dialogue protocol based on single photons is proposed in this paper, two legitimate dialogue parties can send their secret messages to each other simultaneously. The protocol is secure against the denial of service attack, the delay-photon Trojan horse attack and invisible photon eavesdropping attack. Moreover, it can overcome the information leakage problem existed in most previous quantum dialogue protocols. Compared with the only secure quantum dialogue protocol based on single photons which also can overcome the information leakage problem as far as we know, our protocol has a higher efficiency for qubits. The protocol is experimentally feasible within current technologies.
A lot of authenticated quantum dialogue protocols are springing up. Many of them have the problem of information leakage, or suffer from Man-In-The-Middle attack. Some protocols can guarantee security, but have relatively low efficiency. Based on the above situation, we present a novel authenticated quantum dialogue protocol by using Bell states and entanglement swapping. In this protocol, we adopt Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs to detect eavesdropping and transmit secret messages. We employ polarized photons to achieve authentication of users' identity information. Compared with other quantum dialogue schemes with authentication, our protocol has several advantages. The transmitted particles are passed once and do not carry any secret messages. The proposed protocol can overcome the drawback of information leakage and resist against typical attacks. The efficiency is acceptable.
In this paper, a quantum dialogue (QD) protocol without information leakage is proposed at first by using single photons as the quantum resource, where each single photon is directly encoded for transmitting secret messages. Two communication parties share the quantum state generation rule in advance. The preparation party reads out the other party's secret messages by virtue of quantum secure direct communication. The other party decodes out the preparation party's secret messages with the aid of a classical information sequence indicating the preparation bases of single photons sent from the preparation party. In this way, the information leakage problem is avoided. The proposed protocol with single photons only needs the single-photon measurements. Different from Shi's two recent QD protocols based on single photons, the proposed protocol with single photons needs neither to prepare two adjacent single photons in the same quantum state nor to perform the controlled-not (CNOT) operations. Finally, the proposed protocol with single photons is generalized into the cases of resisting collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise by using logical qubits as the quantum resource, respectively.
In this study, a protocol for secure quantum dialogue using entanglement swapping was proposed. The protocol employs two independent communication channels, a classical channel and a quantum channel. In this scheme, the legitimate communicators Alice and Bob can pass the authentication by the classical trusted channel. Afterwards, a quantum channel sequence is provided for them, on which Alice and Bob can communicate with each other directly and privately by virtue of some encoding operations. The first advantage of our protocol is that different from the previews protocols, in the proposed protocol, the server of the quantum channel, Charlie, is not necessarily trusted. The other highlight of our protocol is that in the presented scheme, one party is able to first read the message received from the other party before sending another message back in reply.   Key words: Quantum secure direct communication, entanglement swapping, quantum dialogue.
This paper puts forward a novel quantum dialogue (QD) protocol without information leakage based on single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. In this protocol, the receiver sends his private message to the sender in the way of quantum secure direct communication; and the receiver decodes out the private message of the sender with the help of auxiliary single photons in two degrees of freedom, double controlled-not (CNOT) operations and an auxiliary classical bit sequence sent from the sender. As a result, no information leakage takes place. Moreover, this protocol is proven to defeat the intercept-resend attack, the measure-resend attack, the entangle-measure attack and the Trojan horse attack from an outside eavesdropper. This protocol only employs single photons in two degrees of freedom as quantum resource and needs single-photon measurements. The qubit efficiency of this protocol is as high as 66.7%.