A method of producing a phase-conjugate wave is presented which has the qirtues of both four-wave-mixing and stimulated Brillouin scattering. A high-vuality phase-conjugate wave with a conversion efficiency of greater than unity was obtained.
The results of an experimental investigation of a new geometry for producing phase conjugation by Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing are presented. In this geometry, the four-wave mixing medium is carbon disulfide, and the backward-going pump wave is created from the transmitted forward-going pump wave by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in glycerol. The two pump waves are hence phase conjugates of each other, and the quality of the phase-conjugation process is not degraded even by the use of an aberrated pump wave. The probe wave is created by SBS in carbon disulfide, which has a Brillouin frequency half that of glycerol, and the conjugate wave is therefore generated at the same frequency as the probe. Since the pump and signal waves differ in frequency by the Brillouin frequency of the carbon disulfide four-wave mixing medium, high reflectivities (approximately 2000%) are obtained as a result of Brillouin resonance enhancement.
Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing (BEFWM) is a judicious combination of SBS and FWM processes. In the traditional BEFWM experiments, two cells are used: one generates SBS, the other provides four-wave mixing. We demonstrated the generation of a phase conjugate signal by single cell BEFWM with focusing geometry. A single cell containing the optical nonlinear medium was used simultaneously for conventional SBS and FWM. Experiments were performed by using either CS2 or TiCl4 as the nonlinear medium; both have large Brillouin gain but differ greatly in their nonlinear indices of refraction. Thus the mechanism for four-wave mixing is shown to be Brillouin nonlinearity. In this experiment, the phase matching condition was satisfied and the frequency of the phase conjugate signal was not shifted from that of the master input beam. The operating regime of the experiment was far below the threshold of instability, which accounts for the low reflectivity that we observed. This single cell configuration is more compact and the optical alignment is easier than in the conventional BEFWM, in which two nonlinear cells are used.