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Optics Letters

Single-frequency phase-conjugate laser resonator using stimulated Brillouin scattering

Michael J. Damzen, Marcus H. R. Hutchinson, W. A. Schroeder

Published Jan 1, 1987• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental investigation of a phase-conjugate laser resonator using a Nd:YAG gain medium and incorporating Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing is reported. Phase-conjugate reflectivities of greater than unity and stable oscillation between a single laser frequency and a counterpropagating Stokes frequency are demonstrated.
DOI
10.1364/ol.12.000045

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Le Journal de Physique Colloques•Mar 1, 1983•0 citations
It has previously been shown that Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing can lead to large phase conjugate reflectivities for moderate laser powers.1,2 However, in the geometry considered by previous workers the pumps have equal frequency and hence the conjugate signal is shifted in frequency with respect to the probe. We have conducted an experimental and theoretical study of Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing for the different case in which the two pump waves differ in frequency by twice the Brillouin frequency of the four-wave mixing medium, and in which the probe wave frequency is halfway between those of the pump waves. In this case, the phase conjugate wave has the same frequency as the probe. Reflectivities > 100 % have been measured. Experimental results are compared to those of a theory that includes the effects of phase mismatch, pump depletion, and the finite response time of the medium.
The results of an experimental investigation of a new geometry for producing phase conjugation by Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing are presented. In this geometry, the four-wave mixing medium is carbon disulfide, and the backward-going pump wave is created from the transmitted forward-going pump wave by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in glycerol. The two pump waves are hence phase conjugates of each other, and the quality of the phase-conjugation process is not degraded even by the use of an aberrated pump wave. The probe wave is created by SBS in carbon disulfide, which has a Brillouin frequency half that of glycerol, and the conjugate wave is therefore generated at the same frequency as the probe. Since the pump and signal waves differ in frequency by the Brillouin frequency of the carbon disulfide four-wave mixing medium, high reflectivities (approximately 2000%) are obtained as a result of Brillouin resonance enhancement.
High-reflectivity four-wave mixing by gain saturation in a Nd:YAG laser amplifier is demonstrated. With a four-pass geometry, the phase-conjugate reflectivity of a Q-switched pulse (18-ns duration) is ∼2500, and for a long pulse (relaxation oscillation duration ∼100 μs) it is ∼30. Temporal and energy characteristics of the conjugate beam are presented. A phase-conjugate Nd:YAG TEM00 laser resonator is also produced in which the Nd:YAG rod is simultaneously the laser gain medium and the phase-conjugating device.