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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Phase-locked phase conjugation by Brillouin-induced four-wave mixing

Kevin D. Ridley

Published Oct 1, 1995• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Phase-locked phase conjugation by Brillouin-induced four-wave mixing is experimentally investigated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Results are presented for reflectivity, phase-locking fidelity, and the effect of beam misalignment. The reflectivity data is compared with steady-state theory. It is found that spatial pattern formation can occur in this four-wave mixing geometry.

DOI
10.1364/josab.12.001924

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A perturbation analysis of polarization-decoupled Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing

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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jan 1, 1990•2 citations
Phase-locked phase conjugation by Brillouin-induced four-wave mixing is experimentally investigated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Results are presented for reflectivity, phase-locking fidelity, and the effect of beam misalignment. The reflectivity data is compared with steady-state theory. It is found that spatial pattern formation can occur in this four-wave mixing geometry.
It has previously been shown that Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing can lead to large phase conjugate reflectivities for moderate laser powers.1,2 However, in the geometry considered by previous workers the pumps have equal frequency and hence the conjugate signal is shifted in frequency with respect to the probe. We have conducted an experimental and theoretical study of Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing for the different case in which the two pump waves differ in frequency by twice the Brillouin frequency of the four-wave mixing medium, and in which the probe wave frequency is halfway between those of the pump waves. In this case, the phase conjugate wave has the same frequency as the probe. Reflectivities > 100 % have been measured. Experimental results are compared to those of a theory that includes the effects of phase mismatch, pump depletion, and the finite response time of the medium.
We describe experiments investigating a technique that uses stimulated Brillouin scattering to phase conjugate a number of laser beams while preserving their relative phases. Phase locking of a number of beams focused into a stimulated Brillouin scattering cell is achieved by four-wave mixing with a pair of unfocused pump beams. The second pump is generated from the first by use of a stimulated Brillouin scattering loop geometry that minimizes phase fluctuations. We show that the reduction in phase fluctuations substantially improves the degree of phase locking. The requirements on four-wave mixing pump intensity are determined. The technique has the advantage of being insensitive to changes in alignment, with the potential to combine coherently a large number of laser amplifiers in a simple and compact geometry.
The results of an experimental investigation of a new geometry for producing phase conjugation by Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing are presented. In this geometry, the four-wave mixing medium is carbon disulfide, and the backward-going pump wave is created from the transmitted forward-going pump wave by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in glycerol. The two pump waves are hence phase conjugates of each other, and the quality of the phase-conjugation process is not degraded even by the use of an aberrated pump wave. The probe wave is created by SBS in carbon disulfide, which has a Brillouin frequency half that of glycerol, and the conjugate wave is therefore generated at the same frequency as the probe. Since the pump and signal waves differ in frequency by the Brillouin frequency of the carbon disulfide four-wave mixing medium, high reflectivities (approximately 2000%) are obtained as a result of Brillouin resonance enhancement.
The technique of polarization-decoupled Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing is known for its high-reflectivity, high-quality phase conjugation. The treatment accounts for the transverse structure of the pump and signal beams within a waveguide in the paraxial approximation, assuming a steady-state acoustic wave and assuming that many transverse modes of the waveguide are excited by the four mixing waves. The zeroth-order equations are obtained for the polarization states of the signal and conjugate beams by dropping all phase-mismatch terms. Under the stated assumptions, the phase-mismatched terms are found to make only a small contribution. A first-order solution accounts for phase-mismatch terms and determines the loss of conjugation fidelity as a function of the angular spread of the pump laser beam, the pump-signal angle, the pump intensities, and the pump mutual fidelity.>