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Computer Technology and Development

Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution System Based on BB84 Protocol

He Min

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The quantum cryptography has been concerned in worldwide after invention.Since it is the only way that can be proved to ensure the secure communication.The rapid development of quantum information technology makes quantum key distribution goes into the practical application from the theoretical research.For studying how the devices in practical quantum key distribution system based on the BB84 protocol effect the key distribution efficiency and improve the key distribution rate,a theoretic model relative to the system was represented,researched the parameter effects the key distribution efficiency.It was shown by the simulation that average photon number in the photon source and the length of optical fiber are the key parameters that affect the system rate.The work is useful for further improving the system efficiency.

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The quantum cryptography has been concerned in worldwide after invention.Since it is the only way that can be proved to ensure the secure communication.The rapid development of quantum information technology makes quantum key distribution goes into the practical application from the theoretical research.For studying how the devices in practical quantum key distribution system based on the BB84 protocol effect the key distribution efficiency and improve the key distribution rate,a theoretic model relative to the system was represented,researched the parameter effects the key distribution efficiency.It was shown by the simulation that average photon number in the photon source and the length of optical fiber are the key parameters that affect the system rate.The work is useful for further improving the system efficiency.
The traditional quantum key distribution protocol was combined with the entanglement of the entangled photon pairs, and an improved BB84 protocol, the entangled photon pairs-based BB84 protocol, was put forward. In order to examine the feasibility of the improved protocol, the paper simulated its validity and security by using the quantum computation language (QCL).And the effect of channel attenuation on the protocol was taken into account. The result of the simulation shows that: in an ideal way, the efficiency of QKD is 14/30 in the security, which is nearly to the theoretical value 50%; if there is listener-in, the efficiency of QKD is only 5/30, which is much less than the 50%.Because of the channel fading, the actual efficiency of QKD is much less than the theoretical value. It is concluded that: entangled photon pairs-based BB84 protocol is an utterly secure and feasible quantum key distribution protocol; people should do the best to reduce the fading of the channel so that the efficiency of QKD could be raised. The application of the protocol is prospected in the end of the paper.
In order to solve the low key distribution efficiency problem of the BB84 protocol, an improved BB84 quantum key distribution scheme is presented in this paper. Firstly the same polarization basis is used by the sender and the receiver with the consistent agreement. This process could make quantum key distribution rate higher. Then signature combined with the error correction method based on the odd and even parity is used to ensure the safety of the transmission. The analyses results indicate that the advantage of the improved scheme lies in that the all photons sent to Bob by Alice are useful. It can not only reduce the time extracting the original key, but also solve the authentication problem in the process of communication. The key distribution efficiency is two times of the original BB84 protocol improved scheme.
The security of information in Internet-based communication is essential. The existence of tappers to make information can be known by unauthorized parties, and it will give a fake information from the previous one. As technology develops, secure communication protocols become an important part. Quantum Key Distribution is a nowadays technology as a part of security improvement to overcome key distribution issues in against attackers. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses a quantum property in exchanging information called photons, as carriers of information in security systems. QKD is inseparable from protocols BB84 and B92, therefore the purposes of this paper are to test QuVis based on future work of previous research, analyze the probability error comparison of BB84 protocol, B92 protocol and simulator software review. The results of this research show that B92 protocol gives more advantage in detecting eavesdropping in lower rates than BB84 protocol and the software simulation is succeed by showing the value of probability key that can be used by Bob which does not cross the limit (0.5 and 0.25).
Abstract To increase the security and efficiency of information transmission, the technology of Quantum Key Distribution is developed. A simulation of secure key rate of BB84 protocol is done to give a visualized comparison of efficiency of the protocol using different light sources and detectors. The simulation shows that the Poisson light source is less efficient than single photon source and the secure key rate of using continuous variable detectors is lower than using discrete variable detectors.
In real fiber-optic quantum cryptography systems, the avalanche photodiodes are not perfect, the source of quantum states is not a single-photon one, and the communication channel is lossy. For these reasons, key distribution is impossible under certain conditions for the system parameters. A simple analysis is performed to find relations between the parameters of real cryptography systems and the length of the quantum channel that guarantee secure quantum key distribution when the eavesdropper’s capabilities are limited only by fundamental laws of quantum mechanics while the devices employed by the legitimate users are based on current technologies. Critical values are determined for the rate of secure real-time key generation that can be reached under the current technology level. Calculations show that the upper bound on channel length can be as high as 300 km for imperfect photodetectors (avalanche photodiodes) with present-day quantum efficiency (η ≈ 20%) and dark count probability (p dark ∼ 10−7).