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National Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science (CITCS)

Analysis of the Performance about Actual Quantum Key Distribution System Based on BB84 Protocol

Kai-guo Huang

Published Jan 1, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Analyzed how did the fiber length, the attenuation and the average photon number of the pulse emitted by the single photon source affect the receive efficiency in the fiber channel quantum key distribution system based on the BB84 protocol.A theoretic model relative to the system was represented.It was shown by the emulation that the more average photon number was, the higher efficiency receiver would be, and the final key rate would be higher.

DOI
10.2991/citcs.2012.209

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Analyzed how did the fiber length, the attenuation and the average photon number of the pulse emitted by the single photon source affect the receive efficiency in the fiber channel quantum key distribution system based on the BB84 protocol.A theoretic model relative to the system was represented.It was shown by the emulation that the more average photon number was, the higher efficiency receiver would be, and the final key rate would be higher.
The quantum cryptography has been concerned in worldwide after invention.Since it is the only way that can be proved to ensure the secure communication.The rapid development of quantum information technology makes quantum key distribution goes into the practical application from the theoretical research.For studying how the devices in practical quantum key distribution system based on the BB84 protocol effect the key distribution efficiency and improve the key distribution rate,a theoretic model relative to the system was represented,researched the parameter effects the key distribution efficiency.It was shown by the simulation that average photon number in the photon source and the length of optical fiber are the key parameters that affect the system rate.The work is useful for further improving the system efficiency.
The traditional quantum key distribution protocol was combined with the entanglement of the entangled photon pairs, and an improved BB84 protocol, the entangled photon pairs-based BB84 protocol, was put forward. In order to examine the feasibility of the improved protocol, the paper simulated its validity and security by using the quantum computation language (QCL).And the effect of channel attenuation on the protocol was taken into account. The result of the simulation shows that: in an ideal way, the efficiency of QKD is 14/30 in the security, which is nearly to the theoretical value 50%; if there is listener-in, the efficiency of QKD is only 5/30, which is much less than the 50%.Because of the channel fading, the actual efficiency of QKD is much less than the theoretical value. It is concluded that: entangled photon pairs-based BB84 protocol is an utterly secure and feasible quantum key distribution protocol; people should do the best to reduce the fading of the channel so that the efficiency of QKD could be raised. The application of the protocol is prospected in the end of the paper.
BB84 is a single photon that has been widely used since 1984 as the unconditional security of key distribution. Recently, the idea of multiphoton QKD was proposed to exchange the key using the rotational of polarization by over multi-stages protocol. By utilizing the state of polarization, the system does not require one of the four states like it did in the BB84 scheme. The multiphoton has the ability to improve the key rate generation and range of distances as well. Indeed, multiphoton QKD needs to be setup properly to gain the optimal performance over the fiber optic. This paper presents the fundamental implementation of multi-stages and multiphoton approach over the fiber optic by applying secret unitary transformation between Alice and Bob. The step by step operation of unitary transformation is applied using half-wave plates represented as Mueller matrix. This paper also evaluates the effects of parameters in the QKD model. The result reveals that channel loss, dark count rate, detector efficiency, photons' repetition rate, and the average number of photons will affect the QBER and SKR.
The dependence of the quantum efficiency of the single photon detector as a function of the average number of photons in the laser pulse is investigated. A method of estimation of quantum efficiency of a single photon detector in the operating mode of a quantum key distribution system operating according to the BB84 protocol is proposed. On the basis of an academic installation of the key quantum distribution system EMQOS 1.0 of the company QRate the experimental researches are executed and dependences of quantum efficiency of the detector of single photons from an average number of photons falling on the detector at various lengths of pulse sequences are received. Practical recommendations are given for the use of the proposed technique to estimate the quantum efficiency of single photon detectors.