Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Hubei Institute for Nationalities

Comparison Between Normal Zeeman Effect and Abnormal Zeeman Effect

Zhen Zhou

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This paper Compares the normal Zeeman effect and abnormal Zeenman effect by three aspects:the strong or weak magnetic field,the value of Lande g-factor and the quantum mechanics perturbation theory and reveals the distinction connection between normal Zeeman effect and abnormal Zeenman effect.

Related papers

Quantum-theory Treatment of Zeeman Effect

Lei Guang-peng

This paper takes the viewpoint of Quantum Mechanics to explain the splitting of energy level and spectral line.On the basis of the result of Zeeman Effect experimental and from the angle of electron spin,it presents the rightness by using L(L+1),S(S+1),J(J+1)to replace L2 、S2 、J2 respectively in Lande g-factor,and compares with the normal and abnormal Zeeman effect according to Lande g-factor value to reveal their differences and relations.

Journal of Longdong University•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations

A Treatise on Determing the Normal Zeeman Effect

Liv Yue-xin

The article points out that the evidence is wrong that the normal zeeman effect depends on whether the magnetic field is srtrong or weak by inference from math and quanrtum mechanics of the atom inside the magnetic field. Only when the total spin of the atom is zero can the normal zeeman effect inside the magneric field be produce. Taking hold of this intrinsic attribute of atcm is to grasp its essentials.

•Jan 1, 2003•0 citations

The Zeeman effect and spherical harmonics

C. G. DARWIN

Abstract 1. The chief object of the present paper is to present a simple system of equations which are competent to determine the frequencies and intensities of the lines in the standard Zeeman effect. By the standard Zeeman effect is meant the type where the terms are given by Landé’s "g"and “γ” formulæ, and where the multiplicity of the two sets of terms is the same. It will probably be held that the theory of such multiplets has been fairly completely understood for the last two years owing to the works of Sommerfeld, Heisenberg, Landé and Pauli, and the main new contribution of the present work is that, whereas these writers gave formulæ valid only either in weak or strong field (except for doublets, where Heisenberg and Jordan give the value for any strength), here we have complete formulæ from which the intensity of any component in any strength of field can be obtained merely from the solution of rather simple algebraic equations. The proper attack on this problem would undoubtedly be by way of the recent work of Heisenberg on the helium spectrum, and his still more recent work on complex spectra; but this theory is still in the making, so that it has not been practicable to apply it here, and to this extent our results are unverified. Their validity rests firstly on a complete verification of all known facts connected with both weak and strong fields (and intermediate fields for doublets), and also on a conformity with the general features of wave mechanics. The work of Heisenberg and Jordan could readily have been adapted to give all the results of the present paper; but it would have been harder to follow because the matrix methods are not so easy for most readers as are spherical harmonics.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character•Jun 1, 1927•45 citations

𝒫𝒯-Symmetric Quantum Mechanics Basics & Zeeman Effect

Preet Sharma

The non-Hermitian aspect of Quantum Mechanics has been of great interest recently. There have been numerous studies on non-Hermitian Hamiltonians written for natural processes. Some studies have even expressed the hydrogen atom in a non-Hermitian basis. In this paper, the principles of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics are applied to the time independent perturbation theory and compared with the Zeeman effect. Here, we have also shown the condition under which the Zeeman Effect results will still be true even though the Hamiltonian taken into consideration is non-Hermitian.

Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences•Sep 1, 2020•0 citations

The Zeeman Effect of the Symmetrical Top according to Wave Mechanics

E. U. Condon

The alteration of the quantum-theoretical energy levels of a symmetrical top due to the action of a magnetic field on a charge which is fixed to the top, is investigated by means of the perturbation theory of the wave mechanics. The final formula for the change in the energy levels is given below in Eq. (10).

Physical Review•Dec 1, 1927•14 citations

Exact Solution of the Zeeman Effect in Single-Electron Systems

A Blom

Contrary to popular belief, the Zeeman effect can be treated exactly in single-electron systems, for arbitrary magnetic field strengths, as long as the term quadratic in the magnetic field can be ignored. These formulas were actually derived already around 1927 by Darwin, using the classical picture of angular momentum, and presented in their proper quantum-mechanical form in 1933 by Bethe, although without any proof. The expressions have since been more or less lost from the literature; instead, the conventional treatment nowadays is to present only the approximations for weak and strong fields, respectively. However, in fusion research and other plasma physics applications, the magnetic fields applied to control the shape and position of the plasma span the entire region from weak to strong fields, and there is a need for a unified treatment. In this paper we present the detailed quantum-mechanical derivation of the exact eigenenergies and eigenstates of hydrogen-like atoms and ions in a static magnetic field. Notably, these formulas are not much more complicated than the better-known approximations. Moreover, the derivation allows the value of the electron spin gyromagnetic ratio g s to be different from 2. For completeness, we then review the details of dipole transitions between two hydrogenic levels, and calculate the corresponding Zeeman spectrum. The various approximations made in the derivation are also discussed in details.

arXiv:physics/0406141•Physica Scripta•Jan 1, 2005•4 citations
Abstract 1. The chief object of the present paper is to present a simple system of equations which are competent to determine the frequencies and intensities of the lines in the standard Zeeman effect. By the standard Zeeman effect is meant the type where the terms are given by Landé’s "g"and “γ” formulæ, and where the multiplicity of the two sets of terms is the same. It will probably be held that the theory of such multiplets has been fairly completely understood for the last two years owing to the works of Sommerfeld, Heisenberg, Landé and Pauli, and the main new contribution of the present work is that, whereas these writers gave formulæ valid only either in weak or strong field (except for doublets, where Heisenberg and Jordan give the value for any strength), here we have complete formulæ from which the intensity of any component in any strength of field can be obtained merely from the solution of rather simple algebraic equations. The proper attack on this problem would undoubtedly be by way of the recent work of Heisenberg on the helium spectrum, and his still more recent work on complex spectra; but this theory is still in the making, so that it has not been practicable to apply it here, and to this extent our results are unverified. Their validity rests firstly on a complete verification of all known facts connected with both weak and strong fields (and intermediate fields for doublets), and also on a conformity with the general features of wave mechanics. The work of Heisenberg and Jordan could readily have been adapted to give all the results of the present paper; but it would have been harder to follow because the matrix methods are not so easy for most readers as are spherical harmonics.
The non-Hermitian aspect of Quantum Mechanics has been of great interest recently. There have been numerous studies on non-Hermitian Hamiltonians written for natural processes. Some studies have even expressed the hydrogen atom in a non-Hermitian basis. In this paper, the principles of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics are applied to the time independent perturbation theory and compared with the Zeeman effect. Here, we have also shown the condition under which the Zeeman Effect results will still be true even though the Hamiltonian taken into consideration is non-Hermitian.
Contrary to popular belief, the Zeeman effect can be treated exactly in single-electron systems, for arbitrary magnetic field strengths, as long as the term quadratic in the magnetic field can be ignored. These formulas were actually derived already around 1927 by Darwin, using the classical picture of angular momentum, and presented in their proper quantum-mechanical form in 1933 by Bethe, although without any proof. The expressions have since been more or less lost from the literature; instead, the conventional treatment nowadays is to present only the approximations for weak and strong fields, respectively. However, in fusion research and other plasma physics applications, the magnetic fields applied to control the shape and position of the plasma span the entire region from weak to strong fields, and there is a need for a unified treatment. In this paper we present the detailed quantum-mechanical derivation of the exact eigenenergies and eigenstates of hydrogen-like atoms and ions in a static magnetic field. Notably, these formulas are not much more complicated than the better-known approximations. Moreover, the derivation allows the value of the electron spin gyromagnetic ratio g s to be different from 2. For completeness, we then review the details of dipole transitions between two hydrogenic levels, and calculate the corresponding Zeeman spectrum. The various approximations made in the derivation are also discussed in details.