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A Treatise on Determing the Normal Zeeman Effect

Liv Yue-xin

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The article points out that the evidence is wrong that the normal zeeman effect depends on whether the magnetic field is srtrong or weak by inference from math and quanrtum mechanics of the atom inside the magnetic field. Only when the total spin of the atom is zero can the normal zeeman effect inside the magneric field be produce. Taking hold of this intrinsic attribute of atcm is to grasp its essentials.

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The article points out that the evidence is wrong that the normal zeeman effect depends on whether the magnetic field is srtrong or weak by inference from math and quanrtum mechanics of the atom inside the magnetic field. Only when the total spin of the atom is zero can the normal zeeman effect inside the magneric field be produce. Taking hold of this intrinsic attribute of atcm is to grasp its essentials.
According to the quantum theory of the optical-pumping cycle, one can describe the effect of a nonresonant light beam on the different Zeeman sublevels of an atomic ground state by an effective Hamiltonian He{\mathcal{H}}_{e}He​ which depends on the polarization and spectral profile of the incident light. In order to check the structure of He{\mathcal{H}}_{e}He​, we have performed a detailed experimental study of the ground-state energy sublevels of various kinds of atoms perturbed by different types of nonresonant light beams. Attention is paid to the modification of the Zeeman structure due to He{\mathcal{H}}_{e}He​. We have been able to obtain experimentally in the ground state of 199Hg^{199}\mathrm{Hg}199Hg, 201Hg^{201}\mathrm{Hg}201Hg, and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb, Zeeman light shifts that are larger than the width of the levels due to the thermal relaxation. The removal of the Zeeman degeneracy in zero external field, due to a nonresonant light irradiation, is observed by different optical-pumping techniques; the full Zeeman diagram of the perturbed atoms is also determined when a static field ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{H}}}_{0}$ is added. We have checked that the effect of He{\mathcal{H}}_{e}He​ can be described in terms of fictitious static electric or magnetic fields. These fictitious fields can be used to act selectively on a given atomic level.