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Laser Technology

Effect of atomic velocity at substrate diffraction on laser-focused Cr atom deposition

Jia Meng-xiang

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations

Abstract

In order to study the effect of substrate diffraction on laser-focused Cr atom deposition,simulation and comparative analysis were performed based on the scalar optical diffraction theory under the presence and absence of substrate diffraction.The variation of stripe value of atomic wave-packet probability distribution which stands for the deposited lines with different atomic wave-packet velocities was focused.The results show that because of substrate diffraction,the max value of wave-packet probability distribution has 14.9% average increase and the full width of half maximum(FWHM) has 14.3% average decrease for different longitudinal most probable velocities when transverse velocity remains constant;the max value of wave-packet probability distribution has 14.5% average increase and the FWHM has 16.9% average decrease for different transverse velocities when the most probable longitudinal velocity remains constant.The research results provide a richer theoretical guidance for the experiment.

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A grating structure with period of half of the laser wavelength generated by focusing Cr atoms with nearly resonant laser standing wave atom lens was simulated using a quantum-mechanical model. The influence of thermal atomic source on atom focusing, including the statistical distribution of the longitudinal velocity and the beam divergence, was discussed. The background and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of atomic density peaks with vz in Maxwell distribution and vx0 in Gaussian distribution increase significantly compared with ideal atoms. Collimating atoms with laser cooling is necessary to decrease the peak broadening.

The characteristics of neutral chromium atoms in the standing wave field are discussed. Based on a semi-classical model, the motion equation of neutral atoms in the laser standing wave field is analyzed, and the trajectories of the atoms are obtained by simulations with the different divergence angles of the atomic beam. The simulation results show that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the stripe is 2.75 nm and the contrast is 38.5: 1 when the divergence angle equals 0 mrad, the FWHM is 24.1 nm and the contrast is 6.8:1 when the divergence angle equals 0.2 mrad and the FWHMs are 58.6 and 137.8 nm, and the contrasts are 3.3: 1 and 1.6: 1 when the divergence angles equal 0.5 and 1.0 mrad, respectively.

A grating structure with period of half of the laser wavelength generated by focusing Cr atoms with nearly resonant laser standing wave atom lens was simulated using a quantum-mechanical model.The influence of thermal atomic source on atom focusing,including the statistical distribution of the longitudinal veloc- ity and the beam divergence,was discussed.The background and full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） of atomic density peaks with vz in Maxwell distribution and vx0 in Gaussian distribution increase sig- nificantly compared with ideal atoms.Collimating atoms with laser cooling is necessary to decrease the peak broadening.更多还原

We analyze by direct numerical simulations the effects of the wave nature of an atom on lithography with a laser standing wave. Specific calculations are done for chromium atom deposition with the experimental parameters given in the literature. In the absence of source imperfections and atomic motion during and after the deposition most of the feature width comes from diffractive aberration. Spontaneous emission broadens the linewidth further, giving a full width at half maximum about 8.9 nm and a contrast about 26:1. These are what may be achieved ultimately with the said experimental parameters and show that the nonclassical properties of the atom cannot simply be ignored. We then suggest some strategies for improving atom lithography experiments.

Direct-write atom lithography is a new technique in which resonant light is used to pattern an atomic beam and the nanostructures are formed when the atoms are deposited on the substrate. The characteristics of chromium atoms deposit on a substrateare are discussed. We simulated and analysed the characteristics of nanostructure under different laser power and on different y-plane. At the same time, the characteristics of nanostructure are analysed with respect to the effects of atomic beam divergence, the resulting full width at half maximum and contrast are shown under respective conditions.

A well collimated atomic beam plays an important role in laser focused Cr atom deposition. The simulations of one-dimensional (1D) transverse laser cooling of Cr atomic beam is performed with the Monte Carlo method. Taking into account the stochastic initial conditions of each atom, isotopes other than 52Cr, longitudinal velocity distribution and transverse divergence, the atomic beam cooled by laser is optimized and evaluated. The obtained results are consistent with experimental. In addition, with picking out the trajectories of isotopes other than 52Cr that are not cooled by the laser the center maximum value can be reduced by 9.3%, and the FWHM is increased by 11% of the transverse distribution.