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Acta Physica Sinica

Simulations of one-dimensional transverse laser cooling of Cr atomic beam with Monte Carlo method

Baowu Zhang, Pingping Zhang, Yan Ma, Tongbao Li

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A well collimated atomic beam plays an important role in laser focused Cr atom deposition. The simulations of one-dimensional (1D) transverse laser cooling of Cr atomic beam is performed with the Monte Carlo method. Taking into account the stochastic initial conditions of each atom, isotopes other than 52Cr, longitudinal velocity distribution and transverse divergence, the atomic beam cooled by laser is optimized and evaluated. The obtained results are consistent with experimental. In addition, with picking out the trajectories of isotopes other than 52Cr that are not cooled by the laser the center maximum value can be reduced by 9.3%, and the FWHM is increased by 11% of the transverse distribution.

DOI
10.7498/aps.60.113701

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A well collimated atomic beam plays an important role in laser focused Cr atom deposition. The simulations of one-dimensional (1D) transverse laser cooling of Cr atomic beam is performed with the Monte Carlo method. Taking into account the stochastic initial conditions of each atom, isotopes other than 52Cr, longitudinal velocity distribution and transverse divergence, the atomic beam cooled by laser is optimized and evaluated. The obtained results are consistent with experimental. In addition, with picking out the trajectories of isotopes other than 52Cr that are not cooled by the laser the center maximum value can be reduced by 9.3%, and the FWHM is increased by 11% of the transverse distribution.
Transverse velocity distributions of Cr atomic beam truncated by a novel three-aperture pre-collimating slit, with and without one-dimensional transverse laser cooling, are presented. The simulations ware performed using Monte Carlo particle-optics approach, taking into account of the isotopes, distribution of longitudinal velocity and transverse divergence. The results showed that the atomic beam had a velocity distribution in the range of ±3m/s and ±1m/s, without and with laser cooling. Consequently, the transverse divergence is 0.77mrad and 0.27mrad, respectively. In addition, with an assumption that only52Cr atoms interact with the cooling laser, the existence of other isotopes will decrease the maximum value of the velocity, and increase the background.
A quantum mechanical Monte Carlo simulation is carried out for one-dimensional laser cooling of Chromium atoms. Chromium atom beam collimation via transverse laser cooling is essential for the fabrication of periodic nanometer scale structures by laser-focused atomic deposition. Such structures can be used as precision pitch standards for nanometer scale measurement and engineering. We explore the roles played by several factors, such as laser intensity and detuning, in the cooling process. Calculation results show different dependencies for cooling rate and ultimate temperature to be reached with given sets of parameters. Also, for atoms with different initial velocities in the transverse direction, the conditions under which optimal collimation effect is achieved can differ. Consequently, the current experimental setup, which utilizes LIF spots from marginal beams to monitor the laser collimation, can produce cooling effects which are not optimal for the end product.
In order to study the effect of isotopes except for 52Cr on the transverse position distribution of Cr atomic beam,simulation was carried out for 1-D transverse laser cooling with a three-aperture pre-collimating slit by means of Monte Carlo method.The results show that isotopes except for 52Cr can make the background increased and affect characteristics of each part of the atomic beam: the central maximum value decreases 9.5% and its full width at half maximum(FWHM)increases 2.9% in the center;while the maximum value increases 25% with little increase of the FWHM in either side.It concludes that the existence of the isotopes except for 52Cr has little effect on the center maximum value and FWHM of the center part atomic beam.
In order to acquire high collimating neutral Cr atomic beam,a laser collimating field is designed which is composed of three groups of laser beams to collimate high temperature Cr atomic beam. To reflect better the uncertainty of atomic motion in actual status and the influence of atomic isotopes on experiments,Monte Carlo random method is used to simulate the atomic initial state in the actual state. Based on stress distribution of atoms in the laser collimating field,motion characteristics of neutral Cr atomic beam in the actual state are quantitatively analyzed under the laser collimating field,and this motion path in the three-dimensional space and three-dimensional distribution of atomic landing point status are analyzed. The results show that the maximum divergency angle decreases to 1. 5 mrad in x direction and decreases to 1. 6 mrad in y direction after collimating Cr atomic beam,and atomic flux increases twice.Study results provide more detailed data for experiment and more ideal cold atomic beam for further more precise nanometer grating and nanodots.
Considering the stochastic factors and using Monte Carlo method, we have studied the dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) collimated thermal atomic beam of strontium theoretically. Taking into account transverse divergence, initial position of each atom, longitudinal velocity distribution, and isotopes, we show the theoretical transverse distribution and the results of the Monte Carlo method as functions of detuning and power of laser, respectively. The theoretical results agree excellently with the experimental data, showing that the Monte Carlo method has precisely described the dynamics of 2D collimated thermal atomic beam of strontium. The method can provide an analytical tool for precisely controlling the 2D collimated thermal atomic beam and optimizing the atomic clock system.