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Journal of Optoelectronics·laser

Design of USB-based high-speed data channel for QKD system

Wang Jian

Published Jan 1, 2012• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A universal serial bus(USB) based design of high speed data channel for quantum key distribution(QKD) system is introduced in this paper.Through analyzing the data transfer requirement in classic channel of QKD,we propose this USB-based scheme.By means of testing the actual speed of USB data channel,the proper USB-relevant parameters are obtained.The experiment results show that the proposed USB design is suitable for QKD system with 20 MHz photon transmitting frequency,and there is still enough bandwidth of the USB module,so it is convenient to use this module in other QKD systems which require higher-speed transmission.

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A universal serial bus(USB) based design of high speed data channel for quantum key distribution(QKD) system is introduced in this paper.Through analyzing the data transfer requirement in classic channel of QKD,we propose this USB-based scheme.By means of testing the actual speed of USB data channel,the proper USB-relevant parameters are obtained.The experiment results show that the proposed USB design is suitable for QKD system with 20 MHz photon transmitting frequency,and there is still enough bandwidth of the USB module,so it is convenient to use this module in other QKD systems which require higher-speed transmission.
The development of quantum computer technology has brought unprecedented threats to traditional cryptography methods. So far, the combination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and one-time pad cryptography is the best solution to overcome the problem since it makes provable information-theoretic secure encryption possible. While the final key generation rate of most QKD systems cannot meet the needs of practical applications. One of the important reasons is the unsatisfied performance of communication scheme of classical channel in the QKD post processing system (QKDPPS). In this paper, an efficient FPGA-based communication scheme of classical channel in high speed QKD system is presented. Considering the following features of high transmission speed, multiple data types, large data quantity and strict data sequence of the communication over classical channel in a high-speed QKD system, the optical fiber is chosen as the communication medium and a high performance transmission protocol suitable for QKD is designed, including the packeting strategy based on data exchange rate and a reliability assurance scheme on the data link layer. The experimental results demonstrate that our communication scheme can provide stable communication service at 1.66 Gbps for a high-speed QKD system.
Free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) is being developed for achieving unconditional secure communication over ultra-long distance, which requires higher electronics performance, such as higher time measurement precision, higher data-transfer rate, and higher system integration density. As part of the ground station of the Quantum Science Satellite that will be launched in 2016, we specifically designed a compact PCI-based measurement and control electronics with high time-resolution and high data-transfer-rate. Some necessary modules in the quantum communication experiment such as multi-channel counter, system monitor and experiment control are also integrated in a single board. The electronics performance of this system was tested, with the time precision bin size is 23.9 ps and the time resolution root-mean-square (RMS) is less than 24 ps for 16 channels. The dead time is 30 ns. The data transfer rate to a local computer is up to 35 MBps, and the count rate is up to 30 MHz. The system has been proven to perform well and operate stably through a test of in-door free space QKD experiment.
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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technique has drawn many attentions because it can generate and distribute cryptographic keys with provable information theoretic security. To achieve a high secure key rate, it is a developing trend to adopt the FPGA-based scheme. Sifting is an important processing module of QKD post processing system (QKDPPS) and its communication traffic and input data rate are much larger than other modules of QKDPPS. In this paper, a FPGA-based design of efficient QKD sifting module is presented. To reduce the interaction data amount and thus increase the secure key rate, a high compression ratio round-length based compression encoder and decoder are designed in the sifting modules of two parties. To accelerate the processing speed and thus increase the secure key rate, parallelized processing scheme is designed. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the sifting module.
In our experiment, two InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes (APD) were used in the quantum key distribution (QKD) system for single-photon detection at telecom communication wavelength (1310/1550 nm). By using properly designed passive-quenching circuit, the photo-detection efficiency of the APD could reach 10% at 1550 nm. In order to decrease the dark count rate efficiently, we designed a coincident counting circuits for single-photon detection. Before the APD signals were sent to the signal processing circuit, the avalanche signals were amplified and shaped into the TTL pulses. In order to obtain an accurate and efficient data acquisition and to transfer synchronically several signals such as the TTL signals and pulses from Random generators, we designed a signal processing circuit with the parallel port whose speed limitation is about 100Kb/s. In our experiments of single-photon interference and quantum cryptography, the electronic designs presented us satisfactory performance and results. To achieve much higher speed for the data acquisition, we also employed the Universal Serial Bus System (USB2.0) to interface our single-photon avalanche detectors and random generators used in our QKD system, which was believed to improve the performance of QKD such as the key distribution speed.
At the long-distance quantum key distribution(QKD) experiments,high-speed quantum transmission is needed.In this paper,quantum transmission rate at 500 Mbit/s is fulfilled based on SER/DES module inside FPGA,and a time synchronization design between transmitter and receiver using a low frequency sync-pulse(2 MHz) is proposed.For the experiment′s requirements,signal discriminator,pseudo-random number generator,time synchronization and data coding are developed.This design has been applied successfully to build decoy-state based long-distance QKD experiment.