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International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP)

An FPGA-Based Communication Scheme of Classical Channel in High-Speed QKD System

Qiong Li, Siyou Ma, Haokun Mao, Meng Meng Lin

Published Aug 1, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The development of quantum computer technology has brought unprecedented threats to traditional cryptography methods. So far, the combination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and one-time pad cryptography is the best solution to overcome the problem since it makes provable information-theoretic secure encryption possible. While the final key generation rate of most QKD systems cannot meet the needs of practical applications. One of the important reasons is the unsatisfied performance of communication scheme of classical channel in the QKD post processing system (QKDPPS). In this paper, an efficient FPGA-based communication scheme of classical channel in high speed QKD system is presented. Considering the following features of high transmission speed, multiple data types, large data quantity and strict data sequence of the communication over classical channel in a high-speed QKD system, the optical fiber is chosen as the communication medium and a high performance transmission protocol suitable for QKD is designed, including the packeting strategy based on data exchange rate and a reliability assurance scheme on the data link layer. The experimental results demonstrate that our communication scheme can provide stable communication service at 1.66 Gbps for a high-speed QKD system.

DOI
10.1109/iih-msp.2014.63

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The development of quantum computer technology has brought unprecedented threats to traditional cryptography methods. So far, the combination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and one-time pad cryptography is the best solution to overcome the problem since it makes provable information-theoretic secure encryption possible. While the final key generation rate of most QKD systems cannot meet the needs of practical applications. One of the important reasons is the unsatisfied performance of communication scheme of classical channel in the QKD post processing system (QKDPPS). In this paper, an efficient FPGA-based communication scheme of classical channel in high speed QKD system is presented. Considering the following features of high transmission speed, multiple data types, large data quantity and strict data sequence of the communication over classical channel in a high-speed QKD system, the optical fiber is chosen as the communication medium and a high performance transmission protocol suitable for QKD is designed, including the packeting strategy based on data exchange rate and a reliability assurance scheme on the data link layer. The experimental results demonstrate that our communication scheme can provide stable communication service at 1.66 Gbps for a high-speed QKD system.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technique has drawn many attentions because it can generate and distribute cryptographic keys with provable information theoretic security. To achieve a high secure key rate, it is a developing trend to adopt the FPGA-based scheme. Sifting is an important processing module of QKD post processing system (QKDPPS) and its communication traffic and input data rate are much larger than other modules of QKDPPS. In this paper, a FPGA-based design of efficient QKD sifting module is presented. To reduce the interaction data amount and thus increase the secure key rate, a high compression ratio round-length based compression encoder and decoder are designed in the sifting modules of two parties. To accelerate the processing speed and thus increase the secure key rate, parallelized processing scheme is designed. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the sifting module.
Background: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD( is a promising technology for secure communication, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to provide theoretically unbreakable encryption. With the exponential growth in data traffic and the increasing need for secure communication in backbone fiber networks, integrating high-bit-rate multiplexing techniques into QKD systems can enhance their efficiency and scalability. Problem: Traditional QKD systems face limitations in terms of data rate and network scalability, particularly in high-capacity optical communication networks. As data demands increase, there is a critical need for methods that can support high-bit-rate multiplexing while maintaining the security and performance of QKD. Method: This study proposes a novel QKD approach using high-bit-rate multiplexing in backbone fiber networks. The method involves encoding quantum keys using multiple optical channels simultaneously to increase the data throughput of the QKD system. We employ a combination of time-division multiplexing (TDM( and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM( to optimize the use of fiber resources and enhance key distribution rates. Results: Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a key distribution rate of 10 Mbps over a 200 km fiber link with a quantum bit error rate (QBER( of 1.5%. This represents a 50% improvement in key rate compared to conventional QKD systems without multiplexing. Additionally, the method shows enhanced scalability and network utilization, supporting up to 16 multiplexed channels with minimal impact on security.
A real-time quantum key distribution (QKD) system is developed in this paper. In the system, based on the feature of a field-programmable gate array, secure key extraction control and algorithm have been optimally designed to perform sifting, error correction, and privacy amplification altogether in real time. In the QKD experiment, information synchronization mechanism and high-speed classic data channel are designed to ensure the steady operation of the system. Decoy state and synchronous laser light source are used in the system, while the length of optical fiber between Alice and Bob is 20 km. With photons repetition frequency of 20 MHz, the final key rate could reach 17 kb/s. Smooth and robust operation is verified with 6 h continuous test and associated with encrypted voice communication test.
Since the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)technique makes it possible to construct an absolute secure cryptographic system by combing the One-time pad, QKD has drawn many attention these years. The insufficient implementation speed of the post-processing system of QKD is one of the greatest obstacle to wide application of QKD. The sifting module of QKD post-processing system needs to deal with the heaviest incoming load, it is of crucial importance to study how to design and implement an efficient sifting module to accelerate the QKD post-processing system. In this paper, an efficient FPGA based design scheme of the sifting module is presented. Our scheme can decrease the demands for storage resource and communication traffic obviously.
As we move further into the era of digital transformation, cloud services are becoming a cornerstone across industries such as healthcare, agriculture, and Industry 4.0. These sectors increasingly rely on cloud environments to collect, process, and store vast amounts of data, often integrated with smart devices. While ensuring high availability and efficiency remains vital, the paramount concern is maintaining data security. This challenge becomes even more pressing in a world where quantum computers pose a serious threat to traditional cryptographic methods. Classical encryption schemes, particularly those relying on computational hardness assumptions, are susceptible to quantum attacks. This paper proposes a solution by combining the theoretically unbreakable One-Time Pad (OTP) encryption with quantum-safe key exchange protocols. Through the integration of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptographic techniques, we outline a robust framework designed to secure communication in the coming quantum era.
Free-space Quantum key distribution (QKD) has shown the potential for the practical production of cryptographic key for ultra-secure communications. The performance of any QKD system is ultimately limited by the signal to noise ratio on the single-photon channel, and over most useful communications links the resulting key rates are impractical for performing continuous one-time-pad encryption of today's broadband communications. We have adapted clock and data recovery techniques from modern telecommunications practice, combined with a synchronous classical free-space optical communications link operating in parallel, to increase the repetition rate of a free-space QKD system by roughly 2 orders of magnitude over previous demonstrations. We have also designed the system to operate in the H-alpha Fraunhofer window at 656.28 nm, where the solar background is reduced by roughly 7 dB. This system takes advantage of high efficiency silicon single-photon avalanche photodiodes with <50ps timing resolution that are expected to enable operation at a repetition rate of 2.5 GHz. We have identified scalable solutions for delivering sustained one-time-pad encryption at 10 Mbps, thus making it possible to integrate quantum cryptography into first-generation Ethernet protocols.