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Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology

Laser cooling mechanism of Chromium atomic beam

Luo Xiao-Shu

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The technology of laser-focused atomic deposition can be used to develop the nanostructure transfer standard of length.The atomic laser cooling is a key technique in atom lithography.A theoretical investigation of chromium atomic beam in optical traps is reported in this paper.The Doppler and sub-Doppler laser cooling forces are discussed and some characteristics of these forces are shown based on the semi-classical theory.The simulation results indicate that the atomic beam can be collimated by these laser cooling forces,especially by sub-Doppler laser cooling force and can reach the Doppler limit 120 μk,relative horizontal-speed 13.87 cm/s.

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Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology•Sep 1, 2012•1 citation
The technology of laser-focused atomic deposition can be used to develop the nanostructure transfer standard of length.The atomic laser cooling is a key technique in atom lithography.A theoretical investigation of chromium atomic beam in optical traps is reported in this paper.The Doppler and sub-Doppler laser cooling forces are discussed and some characteristics of these forces are shown based on the semi-classical theory.The simulation results indicate that the atomic beam can be collimated by these laser cooling forces,especially by sub-Doppler laser cooling force and can reach the Doppler limit 120 μk,relative horizontal-speed 13.87 cm/s.
We developed a laser-beam-controlled atom-manipulation system to deposit nanometric structure of atoms on a substrate. Atom beam of chromium is thermally evaporated and collimated with Doppler cooling technique using frequency-tuned laser diode. The gradient force is exerted on atoms by a standing wave over the substrate, and atoms are trapped in a low potential region of the standing wave. Consequently, a series of lines are formed on the substrate with the same periodicity to the standing wave. We present the analysis of trajectories of atoms in the light force potential to find conditions of the laser power, the sign and the degree of the detuning of the laser frequency from the resonance frequency of the atom, to reduce the width of the structure.
We developed an atom-optical system that utilized a laser diode (LD) for both laser atom cooling and trapping. The LD is easy to maintain and operate, and is therefore suitable for engineering applications. The neutral atom beam of chromium was collimated by Doppler cooling and focused by a standing wave lens, and then directly deposited onto a silicon substrate. A nanograting structure with periodicity identical to the wavelength of the standing wave, 212.78 nm, was successfully achieved. The atom beam generation, collimating, focusing and deposition processes were experimentally and theoretically investigated.
A quantum mechanical Monte Carlo simulation is carried out for one-dimensional laser cooling of Chromium atoms. Chromium atom beam collimation via transverse laser cooling is essential for the fabrication of periodic nanometer scale structures by laser-focused atomic deposition. Such structures can be used as precision pitch standards for nanometer scale measurement and engineering. We explore the roles played by several factors, such as laser intensity and detuning, in the cooling process. Calculation results show different dependencies for cooling rate and ultimate temperature to be reached with given sets of parameters. Also, for atoms with different initial velocities in the transverse direction, the conditions under which optimal collimation effect is achieved can differ. Consequently, the current experimental setup, which utilizes LIF spots from marginal beams to monitor the laser collimation, can produce cooling effects which are not optimal for the end product.