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Journal of Signal Processing

The Signal Subspace Artificial Noise Space-Hopping Method of Physical Layer Security

Zhao Liu-k

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Existing artificial noise method adds artificial noise into the null space of legal channel to reduce the probability of being intercepted when sending confidential signal,if the antenna of eavesdropper is not less than the transmitter,it is disable. To solve this problem,the signal subspace artificial noise space-hopping method of physical-layer-security is proposed. Transmitter randomly selected the signal subspace to transmit confidential signal,and added artificial noise to the signal subspace. The legitimate receiver selects the corresponding signal subspace according to the Space-hopping pattern, and removes the artificial noise superimposed in the confidential signal using the agreed artificial noise,then modulates the confidential information. The eavesdropper unknown Space-hopping pattern and the agreed artificial noise,cannot find the signal subspace and remove the artificial noise superimposed in the confidential signal,so cannot eavesdrop confidential information. Simulations show that legitimate receiver's SNR loss less than 3dB,and the symbol error rate of eavesdropper close to 0. 75 with QPSK modulation.

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•Jan 1, 2014•1 citation
Existing artificial noise method adds artificial noise into the null space of legal channel to reduce the probability of being intercepted when sending confidential signal,if the antenna of eavesdropper is not less than the transmitter,it is disable. To solve this problem,the signal subspace artificial noise space-hopping method of physical-layer-security is proposed. Transmitter randomly selected the signal subspace to transmit confidential signal,and added artificial noise to the signal subspace. The legitimate receiver selects the corresponding signal subspace according to the Space-hopping pattern, and removes the artificial noise superimposed in the confidential signal using the agreed artificial noise,then modulates the confidential information. The eavesdropper unknown Space-hopping pattern and the agreed artificial noise,cannot find the signal subspace and remove the artificial noise superimposed in the confidential signal,so cannot eavesdrop confidential information. Simulations show that legitimate receiver's SNR loss less than 3dB,and the symbol error rate of eavesdropper close to 0. 75 with QPSK modulation.
Physical layer security (PLS) has grown in popularity as it guarantees secure and reliable communication between wireless devices without restricting the ability of data analysts to eavesdrop. PLS benefits from the randomization property of the wireless channel, which improves immunity and protects against many dangers of information breaches from eavesdroppers. MIMO and Massive MIMO, which use numerous antennas at the transmitter and receiver ends, are fundamental technologies for improving efficiency in 5G and future network systems. The PLS still requires a significant amount of work before it can be employed in practical systems. The interception of eavesdroppers can be made difficult by adding artificial noise. This paper focuses on the physical layer security considering maximal ratio combining, and artificial noise with beamforming techniques to further enhance the secrecy rate. The proposed work demonstrates that the use of transmitter beamforming with artificial noise can significantly improve the degree of confidentiality of information being transmitted between a transmitter and an intended receiver while making it more difficult for eavesdroppers to intercept. The simulation results in terms of bit error rate show that the proposed method has a significant impact on the error rate performance of the eavesdropper.
The physical-layer security method based on the transmitter's multi-antenna redundant isn't applicable to the SIMO-OFDM system. To solve the problem,this paper proposed a physical layer security method based on time-domain reference. The legitimate receiver constructs the random multi-antenna vector in each subcarrier,of which the projection in the main channel was equal to the varying time-domain reference variable. The transmitter secured the transmitted signal of this moment with the previous time-domain reference variable. The random variation of the reference variable disturbed the eavesdropper's received signal constellation,so that the eavesdropper couldn't intercept the secret information. Security analysis and simulation results show that the legitimate receiver's BER is 10- 4,the eavesdropper couldn't correctly demodulate the received signals when the received SNR and antenna number is respectively 10 dB and 8.
To resist the passive eavesdropping while reserving the same hardware cost and receiver structure of the legitimate receiver, a secure quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) scheme is proposed in this letter. Instead of the information symbol, a mixture of the information symbol and artificial noise is transmitted through the activated transmit antennas. The mixed signals are designed, so that the artificial noise is cancelled at the legitimate receiver but cause random interference to the eavesdropper. The secrecy rate is analyzed and the optimal power allocation between the artificial noise and the information signal is investigated. The influence of the number of the eavesdropper's antennas is discussed. Simulation results show that, for multiple-input-single-output systems, the proposed secure QSM scheme achieves the best secrecy performance among the existing similar schemes by using less radio frequency chains. For multiple-input-multiple-output systems, the secure QSM scheme performs better than the existing secure SM scheme does under the same power constraint and transmission rate.
We consider secure downlink multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) communications between a transmitter and multiple users when there exists a passive eavesdropper. A downlink main channel between the transmitter and a user is estimated through uplink pilot symbols in a time-division duplex mode. On the other hand, to hinder an eavesdropper from estimating the eavesdropper channel between the transmitter and the eavesdropper, the transmitter does not send any pilot symbols. The main channel is hence available at the transmitter only, while the eavesdropper channel is unavailable at any node. Assuming these channel state information (CSI) conditions, we propose a MIMO transmission method using space–time line code (STLC) with artificial noise (AN) for enhancing the physical layer security. The STLC enables noncoherent detection at the receiver, i.e., a user, without CSI and achieves full spatial diversity. We derive the lower bound of the secrecy sum rate for the proposed STLC transmission method without AN, with AN, and with AN and imperfect CSI. Moreover, numerical results verify that the proposed STLC scheme outperforms the conventional eigen-beamforming and the precoding space-time block code in terms of secrecy sum rate regardless of the signal-to-noise ratio, the number of transmit antennas, and the CSI uncertainty.
We discuss the physical layer security scheme in the Full-Duplex (FD) MIMO point-to-point two-way communication system with residual self-interference, in which legitimate nodes send confidential information and null space Artificial Noise (AN) while receiving information. Because the Channel State Information (CSI) of the eavesdropper is unavailable, we optimize the covariance matrices of the information signal as well as the allocation of the antenna for transmitting and receiving to minimize the signal power consumption under the target rate constraint. As a result, the power of AN is maximized within the limit of total power, so the interception capability of the eavesdropper is suppressed as much as possible. Since self-interference cannot be completely eliminated, the optimization process of one legitimate node depends on the optimization result of the other. By substituting self-interference power in the secrecy rate formula with its average value, the joint optimization process at the two nodes is transformed into two separate and solvable optimization processes. Then, the Water-Filling Algorithm (WFA) and bisection algorithm are used to get the optimal covariance matrices of the signal. Furthermore, we derive the theoretical lower bound of ergodic achievable secrecy rate under rayleigh channels to evaluate the performance of the scheme. The simulation results show that the theoretical derivation is correct, and the actual achievable rate is very close to the target rate, which means that the approximation in the optimization is feasible. The results also show that secrecy transmission can be realized because a considerable secrecy rate can be achieved.
Low density parity check (LDPC) code and artificial noise are combined in wiretap channel to enhance the security in physical layer. Artificial noise is added at the transmitter using pre-coding. The artificial noise is designed that it spans a null space at the legitimate receiver but acts as random interference at the eavesdropper receiver. Moreover, a scrambling matrix is designed and then used in LDPC code to enhance the physical layer security. The outage probability of the wiretap channel is deduced, and then used in outage probability minimization. The performance of the proposed scheme is demonstrated with simulations.