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Artificial noise and LDPC code aided physical layer security enhancement

Zhiliang Yang, Aihua Wang, Yuanzhang Fan

Published Jan 1, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Low density parity check (LDPC) code and artificial noise are combined in wiretap channel to enhance the security in physical layer. Artificial noise is added at the transmitter using pre-coding. The artificial noise is designed that it spans a null space at the legitimate receiver but acts as random interference at the eavesdropper receiver. Moreover, a scrambling matrix is designed and then used in LDPC code to enhance the physical layer security. The outage probability of the wiretap channel is deduced, and then used in outage probability minimization. The performance of the proposed scheme is demonstrated with simulations.

DOI
10.1049/cp.2014.0617

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Low density parity check (LDPC) code and artificial noise are combined in wiretap channel to enhance the security in physical layer. Artificial noise is added at the transmitter using pre-coding. The artificial noise is designed that it spans a null space at the legitimate receiver but acts as random interference at the eavesdropper receiver. Moreover, a scrambling matrix is designed and then used in LDPC code to enhance the physical layer security. The outage probability of the wiretap channel is deduced, and then used in outage probability minimization. The performance of the proposed scheme is demonstrated with simulations.
Recent accomplishments in physical-layer security research have shown that channel coding for secrecy can be effectively combined with security at other layers, such as cryptography at the application layer, in order to provide a significant security enhancement to communication systems. The goal of this previous work was to inhibit the passive eavesdropper in the wiretap channel model by encoding the ciphertext using nonsystematic low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes prior to transmission and by exploiting the advantage of feedback for legitimate parties. The net result was propagation of a single packet erasure to the detriment of the entire message. The security enhancement was characterized assuming statistically independent packet erasure channels (PECs) for the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. In this paper, we go beyond these results by addressing correlated erasure events across the two channels in a wiretap feedback framework. The intuitive notion that high correlation across channels reduces secrecy is shown through the complete characterization of the correlated channel scenario. Furthermore, it is shown that security improvements are still achievable in the face of positive correlation by means of judicious physical-layer design, even when the eavesdropper has a better channel than the legitimate receiver.
This paper considers the problem of physical layer security of a wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system. We first develop a transmit filter-aided secure OFDM system scheme which can disturb eavesdropper's receptions by destroying the orthogonality of OFDM signals at the eavesdropper, while the quality of legitimate transmission is maintained. Then, in an effort to further improve the security performance, we also propose an artificial noise (AN)-aided secure OFDM system associated with the transmit filter-aided approach. AN is generated in the null space of the legitimate channel by making use of residual power after power allocation for subcarriers. Therefore, AN can only disrupt eavesdropper's receptions but not affect legitimate receiver. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed transmit filter and AN-aided physical layer security designs in the OFDM wiretap system.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications are vulnerable to eavesdropping over open wireless links. This paper proposes a simplified artificial noise (AN)-aided physical layer security scheme. A system model with a multi-antenna LEO satellite, a single-antenna ground user, and multiple eavesdroppers is built under shadowed-Rician fading and imperfect channel state information. AN is projected into the null space of the legitimate channel to avoid interference, and fixed power allocation is adopted for low complexity. Simulations show the scheme achieves better secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability than traditional methods, suitable for resource-constrained LEO satellite systems.
In this paper,an enhanced physical layer security communication scheme is proposed for the multiple antenna systems. The scheme employing transmit antenna selection and artificial noise,also Alamouti coding,improved diversity gain in legitimate channel with low complexity in the transmitter and receiver,and at the same time efficiently jammed the wiretap channel. Consequently it can increase the system secrecy capacity. We analyze the system secrecy capacity and the impacts of the number of antennas and the power allocation between the information signal and artificial noise. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively enhance the physical layer security.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications are vulnerable to eavesdropping due to open wireless links. To address this issue, a simplified artificial noise (AN)-aided physical layer security scheme is proposed. A practical system model including a multi-antenna LEO satellite, a single-antenna ground user, and multiple eavesdroppers is established, considering shadowed Rician fading and imperfect channel state information (CSI). The AN is projected into the null space of the legitimate user’s channel to avoid interference, while suppressing eavesdroppers. A fixed power allocation strategy is adopted for easy implementation. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms traditional methods in secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability (SOP) with low computational complexity, making it suitable for resource-constrained LEO satellite systems.
In this work, we propose a new channel training (CT) scheme to enhance physical layer security in a full-duplex wiretap channel, where the multi-antenna and full-duplex receiver simultaneously receives the information signal and transmits artificial noise (AN). In order to suppress the self-interference caused by AN, the receiver has to estimate the self-interference channel prior to the data communication phase. In the proposed CT scheme, the receiver transmits limited pilot symbols which are known only to itself, which prevents the eavesdropper from estimating the jamming channel from the receiver to the eavesdropper, hence effectively degrades the eavesdropping capability. Compared with the traditional CT scheme that uses publicly known pilots, the newly proposed secret CT scheme offers significantly better performance when the number of antennas at the eavesdropper is larger than one, e.g., Ne> 1. The optimal power allocation between CT and data/AN transmission at the legitimate transmitter/receiver is determined for the proposed secret CT scheme.