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Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics

BB84-decoy-state quantum key distribution with a heralded single photon source

Xuejun Zhou

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Based on the model of quantum key distribution(QKD) system with a heralded single photon source(HSPS),three typical BB84-decoy-state methods are introduced including active decoy-state protocol, passive decoy-state protocol and the protocol combining active and passive decoy-state idea.The performance and implementation difficulty of the three decoy-state methods are analyzed with numerical simulation.The results show that the key generation rate of BB84 decoy-state protocol is increased by the passive decoy idea.Passive decoy-state method proposed by Adachi,Yamamoto,Koashi and Imoto(AYKI) is easy to implement and speedy to distribute keys because there is no need to prepare decoy states actively. Furthermore,the performance of the AYKI protocol is close to that of the infinite decoy-state protocol. The performance of the method combining active and passive decoy-state idea is better than that of AYKI protocol,but there is not much room left for improvement after the AYKI protocol is implemented.

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Based on the model of quantum key distribution(QKD) system with a heralded single photon source(HSPS),three typical BB84-decoy-state methods are introduced including active decoy-state protocol, passive decoy-state protocol and the protocol combining active and passive decoy-state idea.The performance and implementation difficulty of the three decoy-state methods are analyzed with numerical simulation.The results show that the key generation rate of BB84 decoy-state protocol is increased by the passive decoy idea.Passive decoy-state method proposed by Adachi,Yamamoto,Koashi and Imoto(AYKI) is easy to implement and speedy to distribute keys because there is no need to prepare decoy states actively. Furthermore,the performance of the AYKI protocol is close to that of the infinite decoy-state protocol. The performance of the method combining active and passive decoy-state idea is better than that of AYKI protocol,but there is not much room left for improvement after the AYKI protocol is implemented.
Based on the heralded single photon source (HSPS),the non-orthogonal (SARG04) decoy stateprotocol with one vacuum and two weak decoy states was deduced.Combining the two weak decoy statesin the above protocols,a simple protocol with one vacuum and one weak decoy state was presented for eas-ier implementation.Combining the passive decoy state method with the active decoy state method in theabove protocols,the non-trigger detection events on Bob's side were not discarded but were used to esti-mate the fractions and the quantum bit error rates (QBER) of single-photon and two-photon pulse and togenerate the secure key.The simulation results show that the key generation rate of quantum key distribu-tion (QKD) is increased by the passive decoy idea,that the key generation rate is close to the theoreticallimit of infinite decoy state protocol.Under the same implementation condition,the transmission distanceis longer and the key generation rate of QKD for SARG04 is higher than that of QKD for BB84.
Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful method for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). Considering the Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin protocol (SARG04) with a heralded single photon source (HSPS), we review the general model of HSPS QKD system with a threshold detector, and analyze the SARG04 non-decoy-state protocol, SARG04 infinite active decoy-state protocol and SARG04 decoy-state protocol combining active decoy state method and passive decoy state method. Furthermore, we discuss the choice of optimal signal intensity for HSPS QKD with and without decoy states and obtain the condition that the optimal signal intensity satisfies. The simulation and analysis results show that the decoy state method can substantially improve the performance of SARG04 protocol with HSPS and the performance of SARG04 protocol with HSPS is better than that of BB84 protocol with HSPS. The decoy state method weakens the dependence of the optimal signal intensity on the overall transmission probability.
Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful protocol for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). The passive decoy-state protocol has the advantage of easier implementation, higher transmission rate and better security compared with the active decoy-state protocol. This paper analyzes the passive decoy-state protocol with different light sources, including the lastest passive state protocol with weak coherent state (WCS) and the simple passive state protocol (AYKI) with heralded single photon source (HSPS). Based on the theoretic discussion and numerical simulation, we obtain the conclusion that the passive decoy-state protocol with HSPS is easier to implement than the passive decoy-state protocol with WCS because the latter need a hardware change but the former dose not involve any hardware change on the statnard QKD scheme. The key generation rate of the passive decoy-state protocol with WCS is better than that of the passive decoy-state protocol with HSPS, but the transmission distance is less than the latter. Anyhow, the performance of the passive scheme with a threshold detector is close to the active one.
Recently the performance of the quantum key distribution (QKD) is substantially improved by the decoy state method and the non-orthogonal encoding protocol, separately. In this paper, a practical non-orthogonal decoy state protocol with a heralded single photon source (HSPS) for QKD is presented. The protocol is based on 4 states with different intensities, i.e. one signal state and three decoy states. The signal state is for generating keys; the decoy states are for detecting the eavesdropping and estimating the fraction of single-photon and two-photon pulses. We have discussed three cases of this protocol, i.e. the general case, the optimal case and the special case. Moreover, the final key rate over transmission distance is simulated. For the low dark count of the HSPS and the utilization of the two-photon pulses, our protocol has a higher key rate and a longer transmission distance than any other decoy state protocol.
Decoy state has recently been proved as a useful method for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). Considering the imperfect extinction ratio and the spontaneous emission of the practical Laser, vacuum states are not prepared easily. So in this paper, the optimal situation of the decoy state protocol applied to the QKD system with heralded single photon source (HSPS) is complemented and extended. The two weak decoy state protocol and the one decoy state protocol are proposed. At last, the theory of “dual detectors" is combined with the QKD system with HSPS. In the simulation, the secure distance is up to 2215 km, which is approximately 50 km more than that of the on-off detectors.
Based on the heralded pair-coherent states sources, the Vacuum+Weak decoy state protocol focused on BB84 is presented. Combining the passive decoy state method and the active decoy state method, we use the triggered and nontriggered components to estimate the fraction of single-photon counts and quantum bit-error rate of single-photon and to generate the secure key. From the simulation results of the final key rate over the distance, which shows that our method improve the QKD performance and obtain higher key generation rate than that of the active decoy states method.