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International Conference on E-Business and E-Government

Improved method of decoy state quantum key distribution based with HPCS sources

Shun-Jin Li, Yu Guan, Min He

Published May 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the heralded pair-coherent states sources, the Vacuum+Weak decoy state protocol focused on BB84 is presented. Combining the passive decoy state method and the active decoy state method, we use the triggered and nontriggered components to estimate the fraction of single-photon counts and quantum bit-error rate of single-photon and to generate the secure key. From the simulation results of the final key rate over the distance, which shows that our method improve the QKD performance and obtain higher key generation rate than that of the active decoy states method.

DOI
10.1109/icebeg.2011.5882370

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Based on the heralded pair-coherent states sources, the Vacuum+Weak decoy state protocol focused on BB84 is presented. Combining the passive decoy state method and the active decoy state method, we use the triggered and nontriggered components to estimate the fraction of single-photon counts and quantum bit-error rate of single-photon and to generate the secure key. From the simulation results of the final key rate over the distance, which shows that our method improve the QKD performance and obtain higher key generation rate than that of the active decoy states method.
Based on the heralded single photon source (HSPS),the non-orthogonal (SARG04) decoy stateprotocol with one vacuum and two weak decoy states was deduced.Combining the two weak decoy statesin the above protocols,a simple protocol with one vacuum and one weak decoy state was presented for eas-ier implementation.Combining the passive decoy state method with the active decoy state method in theabove protocols,the non-trigger detection events on Bob's side were not discarded but were used to esti-mate the fractions and the quantum bit error rates (QBER) of single-photon and two-photon pulse and togenerate the secure key.The simulation results show that the key generation rate of quantum key distribu-tion (QKD) is increased by the passive decoy idea,that the key generation rate is close to the theoreticallimit of infinite decoy state protocol.Under the same implementation condition,the transmission distanceis longer and the key generation rate of QKD for SARG04 is higher than that of QKD for BB84.
Combining the passive decoy-state idea with the active decoy-state idea, a non-orthogonal (SARG04) decoy-state protocol with one vacuum and two weak decoy states is introduced based on a heralded pair coherent state photon source for quantum key distribution. Two special cases of this protocol are deduced, i.e., a one-vacuum-and-one-weak-decoy-state protocol and a one-weak-decoy-state protocol. In these protocols, the sender prepares decoy states actively, which avoids the crude estimation of parameters in the SARG04 passive decoy-state method. With the passive decoy-state idea, the detection events on Bob's side that are non-triggered on Alice's side are not discarded, but used to estimate the fractions of single-photon and two-photon pulses, which offsets the limitation of the detector's low efficiency and overcomes the shortcoming that the performance of the active decoy-state protocol critically depends on the efficiency of detector. The simulation results show that the combination of the active and passive decoy-state ideas increases the key generation rate. With a one-vacuum-and-two-weak-decoy-state protocol, one can achieve a key generation rate that is close to the theoretical limit of an infinite decoy-state protocol. The performance of the other two protocols is a little less than with the former, but the implementation is easier. Under the same condition of implementation, higher key rates can be obtained with our protocols than with existing methods.
Abstract Measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD) can solve security loophole problems brought by imperfections of detectors and provide enhanced practical security compared to traditional QKD. We propose an active-passive-combined decoy state MDI-QKD protocol with heralded pair coherent state (HPCS) source. By calculating the lower bound of the single-photon counting rate and the upper bound of the single-photon error rate, we present formulas of the secure key rate in our protocol. Based on the linear lossy channel model, we present calculation methods of estimating the overall gain and quantum bit error rate for HPCS source with full phase randomization. We numerically compare secure key rates for different decoy MDI-QKD protocol with different sources. The result shows that the active-passive-combined decoy state MDI-QKD protocol with HPCS source has certain superiority in the secure key rate. It can provide an important theoretical reference for practical implementations of MDI-QKD.
Based on the model of quantum key distribution(QKD) system with a heralded single photon source(HSPS),three typical BB84-decoy-state methods are introduced including active decoy-state protocol, passive decoy-state protocol and the protocol combining active and passive decoy-state idea.The performance and implementation difficulty of the three decoy-state methods are analyzed with numerical simulation.The results show that the key generation rate of BB84 decoy-state protocol is increased by the passive decoy idea.Passive decoy-state method proposed by Adachi,Yamamoto,Koashi and Imoto(AYKI) is easy to implement and speedy to distribute keys because there is no need to prepare decoy states actively. Furthermore,the performance of the AYKI protocol is close to that of the infinite decoy-state protocol. The performance of the method combining active and passive decoy-state idea is better than that of AYKI protocol,but there is not much room left for improvement after the AYKI protocol is implemented.
In this paper, a new decoy state scheme for quantum key distribution with parametric down-conversion source is proposed. We use both three-intensity decoy states and their triggered and nontriggered components to estimate the fraction of single-photon counts and the quantum bit-error rate of single-photon pulses, and then deduce a more accurate value of the key generation rate. The final key rate over transmission distance is simulated, which shows that we can obtain a higher key rate than that of the existing methods, including our own earlier work.
For the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) quantum key distribution, longer distance and higher key generation rate is shown with a heralded single photon source (HSPS). In this paper, the nonorthogonal encoding protocol SARG04 based on one vacuum and two weak decoy states with HSPS is presented. According to the public announcement of Alice's detection events, the overall gain of Bob's detector and quantum bit error rate (QBER) can be divided into two groups, triggered components and nontriggered components. We present a new protocol that use both triggered and nontriggered components to estimate the fraction and QBER of single-photon and two-photon pulses, and then deduce the final secure key generation rate. The final key generation rate over transmission distance is simulated, which shows that we can obtain a higher key rate than that of the existing methods.