Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering

Study on passive decoy-state protocols for quantum key distribution

Yuanyuan Zhou, Xuejun Zhou, Sijie Yang

Published Aug 1, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful protocol for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). The passive decoy-state protocol has the advantage of easier implementation, higher transmission rate and better security compared with the active decoy-state protocol. This paper analyzes the passive decoy-state protocol with different light sources, including the lastest passive state protocol with weak coherent state (WCS) and the simple passive state protocol (AYKI) with heralded single photon source (HSPS). Based on the theoretic discussion and numerical simulation, we obtain the conclusion that the passive decoy-state protocol with HSPS is easier to implement than the passive decoy-state protocol with WCS because the latter need a hardware change but the former dose not involve any hardware change on the statnard QKD scheme. The key generation rate of the passive decoy-state protocol with WCS is better than that of the passive decoy-state protocol with HSPS, but the transmission distance is less than the latter. Anyhow, the performance of the passive scheme with a threshold detector is close to the active one.

DOI
10.1109/icacte.2010.5579055

Related papers

BB84-decoy-state quantum key distribution with a heralded single photon source

Xuejun Zhou

Based on the model of quantum key distribution(QKD) system with a heralded single photon source(HSPS),three typical BB84-decoy-state methods are introduced including active decoy-state protocol, passive decoy-state protocol and the protocol combining active and passive decoy-state idea.The performance and implementation difficulty of the three decoy-state methods are analyzed with numerical simulation.The results show that the key generation rate of BB84 decoy-state protocol is increased by the passive decoy idea.Passive decoy-state method proposed by Adachi,Yamamoto,Koashi and Imoto(AYKI) is easy to implement and speedy to distribute keys because there is no need to prepare decoy states actively. Furthermore,the performance of the AYKI protocol is close to that of the infinite decoy-state protocol. The performance of the method combining active and passive decoy-state idea is better than that of AYKI protocol,but there is not much room left for improvement after the AYKI protocol is implemented.

Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations

Quantum Key Generation Rate of Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution with Heralded Single-photon Source

Dongxiao Quan

Quantum key generation rate of decoy state quantum key distribution(QKD) with a heralded single-photon source(HSPS) is deduced.Relationship between quantum key generation rate and detection efficiency of sender is discussed.Optimal intensities and key generation rate of decoy state QKD with a weak coherent pulse(WCP) and an HSPS are analyzed.It shows that key generation rate increases with increase of detection efficiency of sender and its security distance is the same as with a perfect single photon source.Decoy state QKD increases security distance and key rate of QKD.Due to less dark counts QKD with HSPS works longer distance than WCP.

Jisuan wuli•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations

Practical non-orthogonal decoy state quantum key distribution with heralded single photon source

Mi Jing-Long, Wang Fa-Qiang, Lin Qing-Qun +1 more

Recently the performance of the quantum key distribution (QKD) is substantially improved by the decoy state method and the non-orthogonal encoding protocol, separately. In this paper, a practical non-orthogonal decoy state protocol with a heralded single photon source (HSPS) for QKD is presented. The protocol is based on 4 states with different intensities, i.e. one signal state and three decoy states. The signal state is for generating keys; the decoy states are for detecting the eavesdropping and estimating the fraction of single-photon and two-photon pulses. We have discussed three cases of this protocol, i.e. the general case, the optimal case and the special case. Moreover, the final key rate over transmission distance is simulated. For the low dark count of the HSPS and the utilization of the two-photon pulses, our protocol has a higher key rate and a longer transmission distance than any other decoy state protocol.

Chinese Physics B•Apr 1, 2008•11 citations

Scarani-acin-ribordy-gisin decoy-state protocols in quantum key distribution with a heralded single photon source

Yuanyuan Zhou, Xuejun Zhou, Jun Yao Gao

Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful method for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). Considering the Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin protocol (SARG04) with a heralded single photon source (HSPS), we review the general model of HSPS QKD system with a threshold detector, and analyze the SARG04 non-decoy-state protocol, SARG04 infinite active decoy-state protocol and SARG04 decoy-state protocol combining active decoy state method and passive decoy state method. Furthermore, we discuss the choice of optimal signal intensity for HSPS QKD with and without decoy states and obtain the condition that the optimal signal intensity satisfies. The simulation and analysis results show that the decoy state method can substantially improve the performance of SARG04 protocol with HSPS and the performance of SARG04 protocol with HSPS is better than that of BB84 protocol with HSPS. The decoy state method weakens the dependence of the optimal signal intensity on the overall transmission probability.

IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments•Aug 1, 2009•3 citations

New protocols for non-orthogonal quantum key distribution

Yuanyuan Zhou, Xuejun Zhou, Pei-Gen Tian +1 more

Combining the passive decoy-state idea with the active decoy-state idea, a non-orthogonal (SARG04) decoy-state protocol with one vacuum and two weak decoy states is introduced based on a heralded pair coherent state photon source for quantum key distribution. Two special cases of this protocol are deduced, i.e., a one-vacuum-and-one-weak-decoy-state protocol and a one-weak-decoy-state protocol. In these protocols, the sender prepares decoy states actively, which avoids the crude estimation of parameters in the SARG04 passive decoy-state method. With the passive decoy-state idea, the detection events on Bob's side that are non-triggered on Alice's side are not discarded, but used to estimate the fractions of single-photon and two-photon pulses, which offsets the limitation of the detector's low efficiency and overcomes the shortcoming that the performance of the active decoy-state protocol critically depends on the efficiency of detector. The simulation results show that the combination of the active and passive decoy-state ideas increases the key generation rate. With a one-vacuum-and-two-weak-decoy-state protocol, one can achieve a key generation rate that is close to the theoretical limit of an infinite decoy-state protocol. The performance of the other two protocols is a little less than with the former, but the implementation is easier. Under the same condition of implementation, higher key rates can be obtained with our protocols than with existing methods.

Chinese Physics B•Jan 1, 2013•14 citations

Method of non-orthogonal decoy state quantum key distribution with heralded single photon source

Jun Gao

Based on the heralded single photon source (HSPS),the non-orthogonal (SARG04) decoy stateprotocol with one vacuum and two weak decoy states was deduced.Combining the two weak decoy statesin the above protocols,a simple protocol with one vacuum and one weak decoy state was presented for eas-ier implementation.Combining the passive decoy state method with the active decoy state method in theabove protocols,the non-trigger detection events on Bob's side were not discarded but were used to esti-mate the fractions and the quantum bit error rates (QBER) of single-photon and two-photon pulse and togenerate the secure key.The simulation results show that the key generation rate of quantum key distribu-tion (QKD) is increased by the passive decoy idea,that the key generation rate is close to the theoreticallimit of infinite decoy state protocol.Under the same implementation condition,the transmission distanceis longer and the key generation rate of QKD for SARG04 is higher than that of QKD for BB84.

Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology•Jan 1, 2010•1 citation
Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful protocol for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). The passive decoy-state protocol has the advantage of easier implementation, higher transmission rate and better security compared with the active decoy-state protocol. This paper analyzes the passive decoy-state protocol with different light sources, including the lastest passive state protocol with weak coherent state (WCS) and the simple passive state protocol (AYKI) with heralded single photon source (HSPS). Based on the theoretic discussion and numerical simulation, we obtain the conclusion that the passive decoy-state protocol with HSPS is easier to implement than the passive decoy-state protocol with WCS because the latter need a hardware change but the former dose not involve any hardware change on the statnard QKD scheme. The key generation rate of the passive decoy-state protocol with WCS is better than that of the passive decoy-state protocol with HSPS, but the transmission distance is less than the latter. Anyhow, the performance of the passive scheme with a threshold detector is close to the active one.
Based on the model of quantum key distribution(QKD) system with a heralded single photon source(HSPS),three typical BB84-decoy-state methods are introduced including active decoy-state protocol, passive decoy-state protocol and the protocol combining active and passive decoy-state idea.The performance and implementation difficulty of the three decoy-state methods are analyzed with numerical simulation.The results show that the key generation rate of BB84 decoy-state protocol is increased by the passive decoy idea.Passive decoy-state method proposed by Adachi,Yamamoto,Koashi and Imoto(AYKI) is easy to implement and speedy to distribute keys because there is no need to prepare decoy states actively. Furthermore,the performance of the AYKI protocol is close to that of the infinite decoy-state protocol. The performance of the method combining active and passive decoy-state idea is better than that of AYKI protocol,but there is not much room left for improvement after the AYKI protocol is implemented.
Quantum key generation rate of decoy state quantum key distribution(QKD) with a heralded single-photon source(HSPS) is deduced.Relationship between quantum key generation rate and detection efficiency of sender is discussed.Optimal intensities and key generation rate of decoy state QKD with a weak coherent pulse(WCP) and an HSPS are analyzed.It shows that key generation rate increases with increase of detection efficiency of sender and its security distance is the same as with a perfect single photon source.Decoy state QKD increases security distance and key rate of QKD.Due to less dark counts QKD with HSPS works longer distance than WCP.
Recently the performance of the quantum key distribution (QKD) is substantially improved by the decoy state method and the non-orthogonal encoding protocol, separately. In this paper, a practical non-orthogonal decoy state protocol with a heralded single photon source (HSPS) for QKD is presented. The protocol is based on 4 states with different intensities, i.e. one signal state and three decoy states. The signal state is for generating keys; the decoy states are for detecting the eavesdropping and estimating the fraction of single-photon and two-photon pulses. We have discussed three cases of this protocol, i.e. the general case, the optimal case and the special case. Moreover, the final key rate over transmission distance is simulated. For the low dark count of the HSPS and the utilization of the two-photon pulses, our protocol has a higher key rate and a longer transmission distance than any other decoy state protocol.
Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful method for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). Considering the Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin protocol (SARG04) with a heralded single photon source (HSPS), we review the general model of HSPS QKD system with a threshold detector, and analyze the SARG04 non-decoy-state protocol, SARG04 infinite active decoy-state protocol and SARG04 decoy-state protocol combining active decoy state method and passive decoy state method. Furthermore, we discuss the choice of optimal signal intensity for HSPS QKD with and without decoy states and obtain the condition that the optimal signal intensity satisfies. The simulation and analysis results show that the decoy state method can substantially improve the performance of SARG04 protocol with HSPS and the performance of SARG04 protocol with HSPS is better than that of BB84 protocol with HSPS. The decoy state method weakens the dependence of the optimal signal intensity on the overall transmission probability.
Combining the passive decoy-state idea with the active decoy-state idea, a non-orthogonal (SARG04) decoy-state protocol with one vacuum and two weak decoy states is introduced based on a heralded pair coherent state photon source for quantum key distribution. Two special cases of this protocol are deduced, i.e., a one-vacuum-and-one-weak-decoy-state protocol and a one-weak-decoy-state protocol. In these protocols, the sender prepares decoy states actively, which avoids the crude estimation of parameters in the SARG04 passive decoy-state method. With the passive decoy-state idea, the detection events on Bob's side that are non-triggered on Alice's side are not discarded, but used to estimate the fractions of single-photon and two-photon pulses, which offsets the limitation of the detector's low efficiency and overcomes the shortcoming that the performance of the active decoy-state protocol critically depends on the efficiency of detector. The simulation results show that the combination of the active and passive decoy-state ideas increases the key generation rate. With a one-vacuum-and-two-weak-decoy-state protocol, one can achieve a key generation rate that is close to the theoretical limit of an infinite decoy-state protocol. The performance of the other two protocols is a little less than with the former, but the implementation is easier. Under the same condition of implementation, higher key rates can be obtained with our protocols than with existing methods.
Based on the heralded single photon source (HSPS),the non-orthogonal (SARG04) decoy stateprotocol with one vacuum and two weak decoy states was deduced.Combining the two weak decoy statesin the above protocols,a simple protocol with one vacuum and one weak decoy state was presented for eas-ier implementation.Combining the passive decoy state method with the active decoy state method in theabove protocols,the non-trigger detection events on Bob's side were not discarded but were used to esti-mate the fractions and the quantum bit error rates (QBER) of single-photon and two-photon pulse and togenerate the secure key.The simulation results show that the key generation rate of quantum key distribu-tion (QKD) is increased by the passive decoy idea,that the key generation rate is close to the theoreticallimit of infinite decoy state protocol.Under the same implementation condition,the transmission distanceis longer and the key generation rate of QKD for SARG04 is higher than that of QKD for BB84.