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ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA

Research on Coupled Resonator Induced Transparency in Fourth-order Microring Resonator

崔丹凤 CUI Dan-feng

Published Jan 1, 2014• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A fourth-order microring resonator structure was designed based on quantum coherence effects of electromagnetic induced transparency.Coupled-resonator-induced-transparency phenomenon which produced in resonator was analyzed theoretically.Key parameters of structures were simulated by Finite Difference Time Domain Method and Beam Propagation Method.The ring resonators were fabricated with electron beam lithography and the induction coupled plasma etching process.The structure was tested by vertical grating coupling method,the results show that a narrow transparent peak was obtained which is caused by interference due to phase elimination.Optical transmission delay is realized by two transmission peaks which are generated from mutual interference among ring resonators and one of the transmission spectrum full width at half maximum is 0.022nm.This structure can achieve high quality factor(Q=0.72×105),and the distance between the two resonance peaks separated by 0.084nm.The through port and drop port transmission spectra are coincided well with each other which excellent agree with the theoretical analysis.

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IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems•Apr 1, 2013•0 citations
A fourth-order microring resonator structure was designed based on quantum coherence effects of electromagnetic induced transparency.Coupled-resonator-induced-transparency phenomenon which produced in resonator was analyzed theoretically.Key parameters of structures were simulated by Finite Difference Time Domain Method and Beam Propagation Method.The ring resonators were fabricated with electron beam lithography and the induction coupled plasma etching process.The structure was tested by vertical grating coupling method,the results show that a narrow transparent peak was obtained which is caused by interference due to phase elimination.Optical transmission delay is realized by two transmission peaks which are generated from mutual interference among ring resonators and one of the transmission spectrum full width at half maximum is 0.022nm.This structure can achieve high quality factor(Q=0.72×105),and the distance between the two resonance peaks separated by 0.084nm.The through port and drop port transmission spectra are coincided well with each other which excellent agree with the theoretical analysis.
To realize the electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect on the silicon waveguide,a double ring resonators structure based on silicon-on-insulator was designed and fabricated.By post processing of thermal oxidation annealing under the temperature from 300℃to 1 200℃,wet chemical etching with buffered oxide etch and N2 annealing under the temperature of 1 000 ℃,the electromagnetically induced transparency-like curve via the vertical grating coupling method was observed.The effect of different distance between the two resonators to the electromagnetically induced transparency-like curve was analyzed.The Qfactor of a single ring in this fabrication was 5.1×104.The measured spectral width of the transparency window was as narrow as 500MHz.
An all-pass microring-Bragg gratings (APMR-BG) based coupling resonant system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to generate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission for the first time. The coupling between two light path ways in the micro-ring resonator and the Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonator formed by two sections of Bragg gratings gives rise to the EIT-like spectrum. This system has the advantage of a small footprint consisting of only one microring resonator and one bus waveguide with Bragg gratings. It also has a large fabrication tolerance as the overlap requirement between the resonance wavelengths of the microring and the F-P resonator is more relaxed. The two most important properties of the EIT-like transmission namely the insertion loss (IL) and the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) have been analytically investigated by utilizing the specially developed model based on the transfer matrix method. The APMR-BG based coupling resonant system was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The EIT-like transmission with an extinction ratio (ER) of 12 dB, a FWHM of 0.077 nm and a quality factor (Q factor) of 20200 was achieved, which agree well with the simulated results based on our numerical model. A slow light with a group delay of 38 ps was also obtained.
A microring resonator consists of a ring side-coupled to a bus waveguide, where the light exchange is achieved by means of evanescent coupling mechanism.It is a strong candidate for integrated optics due to its advantage of compact size, cascadable input/output ports, and the compatibility of CMOS fabrication.The microring resonator can be used to create many interesting phenomena that are difficult to obtain in other classical configurations.This thesis focuses on the theoretical analysis and experimental realization of induced transparency in optical devices derived from ring resonators.In this thesis, I propose a ring-bus-ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer (RBRMZI) system based on a 3×3 coupler, and show that such a system can generate an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like spectrum via phase engineering facilitated by interpathways interference between RBR and MZI, instead of separate light interaction in two resonators alone.Both the transfer matrix formalism and the temporal coupled mode theory are investigated to model this induced transparency.The relationship between the two theories is obtained via the energy-conservation and Q-factors.In addition, the EIT-like spectrum in the RBRMZI is experimentally realized using silicon-oninsulator technology.The best RBRMZI device has a transparency with a bandwidth of 0.25nm, a free spectral range of 12nm and a Q-factor of ~6300.With further measurements of the devices having strong ring-bus coupling, we obtain a Q~18000 when the circumference of one ring is 43.4μm and the circumference of the other ring is slightly detuned by ~0.035%.Moreover, we achieve a roundtrip loss as small as ~0.5% of the input energy.The measurement results agree well with theoretical prediction and 2D-FDTD numerical calculations.
The coupled resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) phenomenon, which is analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems, can occur in an original integrated optical resonator system due to the coherent interference of the coupled optical resonators. The system was composed of three ring resonators on silicon, each with the same cavity size, and the optical coupling to the input and output ports was achieved using grating with a power coupling efficiency of 36%. A CRIT resonance whose spectrum shows a narrow transparency peak with a low group velocity was demonstrated. The quality factor of the ring resonator can attain a value up to 6 × 10 4 , and the harmonic wavelength can be controlled by adjusting the temperature. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are reconciled well with each other and also consistent well with the theoretical analysis.
The analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency in optical methods has shown great potential in slow light and sensing applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrated a coupled resonator induced transparency system with three cascaded ring coupled resonators in a silicon chip. The structure was modeled by using the transfer matrix method. Influences of various parameters including coupling ratio of couplers, waveguide loss and additional loss of couplers on transmission characteristic and group index have been investigated theoretically and numerically in detail. The transmission character of the system was measured by the vertical grating coupling method. The enhanced quality factor reached 1.22 × 10⁵. In addition, we further test the temperature performance of the device. The results provide a new method for the manipulation of light in highly integrated optical circuits and sensing applications.
In the paper, Coupled-resonator-induced-transparency (CRIT) phenomenon in a novel integrated on-chip optical resonator system is experimentally demonstrated. The system is composed of a four-ring resonator with 20 μm diameter on silicon, whose spectrum has a narrow transparency peak with low group velocity. The CRIT effect is observed in the optical coupled-resonator due to the classical destructive interference. This system can be used to study the slow and fast light experiments because of its simplicity and flexibility. In this work, a CRIT resonance with a quality factor of 7.2×104is demonstrated with the same cavity size and the power coupling of the system is 60%, which agree well with the theoretical analysis. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are coincided well with each other.