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ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA

Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme with N-ordered Entangled Photon pairs

袁素真 YUAN Su-zhen, 孙志富 SUN Zhi-fu, 田俊龙 TIAN Jun-long

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed,based on N-ordered entangled photon pairs.Entangled photons are used as information carrier.Alice,the private key administrator,will divide the entangled photons into two sequences.One of the sequences will be sent to one of the partners Bob directly.After the safety of the first sequence ensured,the second sequence will be encoded and sent to another partner Charlie.Bob and Charlie will make Bell-based joint measurements with what they have received respectively,thus they obtain keys that Alice released.It needs the administrator and all the partners′ collaboration to get the whole information.Relative to there-particle entangled state,this scheme adopts two bodies entanglement,and can be experimentally realized easier.It only needs linear optical elements and simple entanglement source.

DOI
10.3788/gzxb20114008.1248

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A new quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed,based on N-ordered entangled photon pairs.Entangled photons are used as information carrier.Alice,the private key administrator,will divide the entangled photons into two sequences.One of the sequences will be sent to one of the partners Bob directly.After the safety of the first sequence ensured,the second sequence will be encoded and sent to another partner Charlie.Bob and Charlie will make Bell-based joint measurements with what they have received respectively,thus they obtain keys that Alice released.It needs the administrator and all the partners′ collaboration to get the whole information.Relative to there-particle entangled state,this scheme adopts two bodies entanglement,and can be experimentally realized easier.It only needs linear optical elements and simple entanglement source.
We present a new protocol for the quantum secret sharing (QSS) task among multiparties with two-particle entangled states. In our scheme, the secret is split among a number of participating partners and the reconstruction requires collaboration of all the authorized partners. Instead of multiparticle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states, only two-particle entangled states are employed in this scheme. By local operations and individual measurements on either of the two entangled particles, each authorized partner obtains a sequence of secret bits shared with other authorized partners. This protocol can be experimentally realized using only linear optical elements and simple entanglement source. It is scalable in practice.
A scheme for three-party quantum secret sharing of a private key is presented with single photons. The agent Bob first prepares a sequence of single photons with two biased bases and then sends them to the boss Alice who checks the security of the transmission with measurements and produces some decoy photons by rearranging the orders of some sample photons. Alice encodes her bits with two unitary operations on the photons and then sends them to the other agent. The security of this scheme is equivalent to that in the modified Bennett–Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution protocol. Moreover, each photon can carry one bit of the private key and the intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total efficiency both approach the maximal value 100% when the number of the bits in the key is very large.
We propose a scheme of quantum secret sharing between Alice's group and Bob's group with single photons and unitary transformations. In the protocol, one member in Alice's group prepares a sequence of single photons in one of four different states, while other members directly encode their information on the sequence of single photons via unitary operations; after that, the last member sends the sequence of single photons to Bob's group. Then Bob's, except for the last one, do work similarly. Finally the last member in Bob's group measures the qubits. If the security of the quantum channel is guaranteed by some tests, then the qubit states sent by the last member of Alice's group can be used as key bits for secret sharing. It is shown that this scheme is safe.
The insecurity of the protocols for quantum secret sharing(QSS) based on entanglement swapping was analyzed,and a new method of QSS based on entanglement swapping was proposed.The entanglement states were all generated by the sender,and the order of two photons sent to the same agent was randomly changed.After the photons arrived at the receiver,for the detection mode,the order of the two photons was announced,so that the two parties detected the security of the quantum channel;for the information mode,the two receivers respectively did Bell measurement on the two photons they owned,and then communicated through classical channel to share the secret key with the sender.Analysis results show that this protocol not only ensures the validity and security of the shared information,but also only uses the entanglement states of two photons without unitary operation.
Focused on the issue that the quantum secret sharing is limited to the maximally entangled state,a scheme for quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit state by using entangled state as quantum channel was proposed. The sender Alice used the Bell basis measurement and then the receiver Bob or Charlie used the single particle measurement. The participants chose the right joint unitary operation according to the results from Alice and the signal measurement,which could realize arbitrary N-qubit secret sharing. The eavesdropping analysis shows explicitly that the scheme is secure and it can resist the external eavesdropper and internal dishonest participant.