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Beijing Youdian Xueyuan xuebao

An Efficient Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme Based on Bell States

Fen-Zhuo Guo, Gao Fei

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Drawing idea from the quantum secure direct communication(QSDC),a novel quantum secret sharing(QSS) scheme with high efficiency based on Bell states was proposed.In this scheme,the sender Alice needed no longer share a joint key between her and the two receivers,Bob and Charlie,as well as used the joint key to transmit her message.Alice shared her secret message with Bob and Charlie directly.One Bell state could be used to share two bits message.Investigation showed that the scheme is secure.

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Drawing idea from the quantum secure direct communication(QSDC),a novel quantum secret sharing(QSS) scheme with high efficiency based on Bell states was proposed.In this scheme,the sender Alice needed no longer share a joint key between her and the two receivers,Bob and Charlie,as well as used the joint key to transmit her message.Alice shared her secret message with Bob and Charlie directly.One Bell state could be used to share two bits message.Investigation showed that the scheme is secure.
A new quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed,based on N-ordered entangled photon pairs.Entangled photons are used as information carrier.Alice,the private key administrator,will divide the entangled photons into two sequences.One of the sequences will be sent to one of the partners Bob directly.After the safety of the first sequence ensured,the second sequence will be encoded and sent to another partner Charlie.Bob and Charlie will make Bell-based joint measurements with what they have received respectively,thus they obtain keys that Alice released.It needs the administrator and all the partners′ collaboration to get the whole information.Relative to there-particle entangled state,this scheme adopts two bodies entanglement,and can be experimentally realized easier.It only needs linear optical elements and simple entanglement source.
Inspired by quantum secure direct communication and quantum dense coding, we present a three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme by quantum teleportation. After performing the rectilinear basis or diagonal basis measurement randomly for the eavesdropping check to ensure the security of the quantum channel, the sender encodes the secret messages directly on a series of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs and transmits them to the receivers by quantum teleportation. Neither of the receivers can decode the secret messages on his own even if they collaborate. Only the two receivers combine their measurement results with the sender's result, can they recover the secret messages. In this scheme, one qubit can encode two bits of classical information because quantum dense coding is introduced. Using quantum teleportation, the distinct advantage of this scheme is that there is not the transmission of qubits carrying the secret messages in the quantum channel, it is absolutely secure for QSS if a perfect channel is used.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) can transmit secret messages directly from one user to another without first establishing a shared secret key, which is different from quantum key distribution. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum secure direct communication protocol based on signal photons and Bell states. Before the execution of the proposed protocol, two participants Alice and Bob exchange their corresponding identity IDA and IDB through quantum key distribution and keep them secret, respectively. Then the message sender, Alice, encodes each secret message bit into two single photons (| 01〉or|10〉) or a Bell state , and composes an ordered secret message sequence. To insure the security of communication, Alice also prepares the decoy photons and inserts them into secret message sequence on the basis of the values of IDA and IDB. By the secret identity IDA and IDB, both sides of the communication can check eavesdropping and identify each other. The proposed protocol not only completes secure direct communication, but also realizes the mutual authentication. The security analysis of the proposed protocol is presented in the paper. The analysis results show that this protocol is secure against some common attacks, and no secret message leaks even if the messages are broken. Compared with the two-way QSDC protocols, the presented protocol is a one-way quantum communication protocol which has the immunity to Trojan horse attack. Furthermore, our proposed protocol can be realized without quantum memory.
Semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) can transmit secret messages. Most existing SQSS protocols can only use one or two specific entangled states to share unspecific or specific classical message. In this paper, we propose a novel SQSS protocol using N different unspecific two-particle entangled state [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] to share unspecific message, in which quantum Alice can transmit classical messages with classical Bob and Charlie. In addition, we have proved that the protocol can strongly resist some forms of eavesdropping.
Inspired by quantum secure direct communication, a three-party quantum secret sharing approach is proposed. In the preparation phase, the sender shares a GHZ state among users. After she ensures about the security of the channel, she generates an auxiliary GHZ state and keeps it. Then she encodes three-bit information on the GHZ states, by applying the appropriate gates on her qubits. In the decoding phase, the three parties measure their qubits. The receivers achieve no information on the encoded message individually and just when they know the others' measurement results have access to the secret message. The security of the preparation phase against various attacks is investigated. Since no qubits carrying the message are transmitted, the protocol is completely secure, if the perfect quantum channel is used. The proposed approach has a better efficiency as compared to the previous ones.