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Chinese Physics Letters

A Novel Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme of Secure Direct Communication Based on Bell States and Bell Measurements

Runhua Shi, Liusheng Huang, Wei Yang, Hong Zhong

Published May 1, 2011• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a novel quantum secret sharing scheme of secure direct communication and analyze its security. This scheme takes Einstein—Podolsky—Rosen (EPR) pairs in Bell states as quantum resources. In order to obtain the direct communication message, all agents only need to perform Bell measurements, not to perform any local unitary operation. The total efficiency in this scheme approaches 100% as the classical information exchanged is unnecessary except for the eavesdropping checks.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/28/5/050303

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We present a quantum secure direct communication protocol and a multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs and entanglement swapping. The present quantum secure direct communication protocol makes use of the ideal of block transmission. We also point out that the sender can encode his or her secret message without ensuring the security of the quantum channel firstly. In the multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol, the communication parties adopt checking mode or encoding mode with a certain probability. It is not necessary for the protocol to perform local unitary operation. In both the protocols, one party transmits only one photon for each Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair to another party and the security for the transmitting photons is ensured by selecting Z-basis or X-basis randomly to measure the sampling photons.
A novel deterministic secure quantum communication(DSQC)scheme is presented based on EinsteinPodolsky-Rosen(EPR)pairs and single photons in this study.In this scheme,the secret message can be encoded directly on the first particles of the prepared Bell states by simple unitary operations and decoded by performing the Bell-basis measurement after the additional classic information is exchanged.In addition,the strategy with two-step transmission of quantum data blocks and the technique of decoy-particle checking both are exploited to guarantee the security of the communication.Compared with some previous DSQC schemes,this scheme not only has a higher resource capacity,intrinsic efciency and total efciency,but also is more realizable in practical applications.Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is unconditionally secure against various attacks over an ideal quantum channel and still conditionally robust over a noisy and lossy quantum channel.
Inspired by quantum secure direct communication and quantum dense coding, we present a three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme by quantum teleportation. After performing the rectilinear basis or diagonal basis measurement randomly for the eavesdropping check to ensure the security of the quantum channel, the sender encodes the secret messages directly on a series of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs and transmits them to the receivers by quantum teleportation. Neither of the receivers can decode the secret messages on his own even if they collaborate. Only the two receivers combine their measurement results with the sender's result, can they recover the secret messages. In this scheme, one qubit can encode two bits of classical information because quantum dense coding is introduced. Using quantum teleportation, the distinct advantage of this scheme is that there is not the transmission of qubits carrying the secret messages in the quantum channel, it is absolutely secure for QSS if a perfect channel is used.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particles sequence according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.