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Journal of Modern Optics

Quantum correlation in dephasing decay and its effect on interference in three-level systems

Fu Li, Hang Zheng, Shi‐Yao Zhu

Published Feb 17, 2016• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum correlation in dephasing decay can be realized, when the energy fluctuations of transition frequencies are synchronized. The correlation in the three-level atom systems will enhance the interference in the absorption and change the nature of the interference, from destructive to constructive in cascade low-driving three-level atom and from constructive to destructive in V-type three-level atom. The quantum correlation is observed by properly introducing the collision or time-dependent magnetic field through the increase or decrease of the resonant absorption.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2016.1144823

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The quantum correlation in dephasing decay can be realized, when the energy fluctuations of transition frequencies are synchronized. The correlation in the three-level atom systems will enhance the interference in the absorption and change the nature of the interference, from destructive to constructive in cascade low-driving three-level atom and from constructive to destructive in V-type three-level atom. The quantum correlation is observed by properly introducing the collision or time-dependent magnetic field through the increase or decrease of the resonant absorption.
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Destructive and constructive interference in the Autler–Townes three-level systems is studied in the dressed state basis. The dependence of the interference on the spontaneous emission and dephasing reservoirs is analyzed. The strong field correlates or anti-correlates the random phase caused by the reservoirs. The correlation reduces and the anti-correlation enhances the absorption. Each of the interference pathways is formed by two processes, stimulated absorption and spontaneous emission. The interference effect can be neglected if the Rabi frequency of the strong field is larger than the decay rates.
The spectrum of quantum fluctuations in phase quadratures of resonance fluorescence of a three-level V-type atom driven by a coherent field is investigated. We find that quantum interference between two decay channels of the atom can greatly modify the spectrum. We show that for weak excitation, quantum interference can greatly enhance squeezing and change the phase quadrature in which the maximum squeezing occurs. We also show that for strong and far-off-resonance excitation two deeply squeezing peaks appear at the Rabi sideband frequencies and quantum interference broadens the squeezing peaks.
Atomic coherence and interference manifested by electromagentically induced transparency (EIT) and coherent population trapping (CPT) plays an important role in the current studies of atom-photon interactions and has found numerous applications in optical physics. EIT is created in a three-level atomic system by a coupling field and results in destructive interference between two excitation paths of a weak probe laser interacting with the atomic medium. This leads to suppressed linear absorption and rapidly varying atomic dispersion for the probe laser near the atomic resonance, which provides the platform for a variety of applications such as nonlinear optics at low light levels, slow light manipulation, and quantum state engineering for photons and atoms. Here we extend the simple three-level EIT system to more complicated and versatile configurations in a multi-level atomic system coupled by multiple laser fields. We show that with multiple excitation paths provided by different laser fields, phase-dependent quantum interference is induced: either constructive or destructive interference can be realized by varying the relative phases among the laser fields. Two specific examples are discussed. One is a three-level system coupled by bichromatic coupling and probe fields, in which the phase dependent interference between the resonant two-photon Raman transitions can be initiated and controlled. Another is a four-level system coupled by two coupling fields and two probe fields, in which a double-EIT configuration is created by the phase-dependent interference between three-photon and one-photon excitation processes. We analyze the coherently coupled multi-level atomic system and discuss the control parameters for the onset of constructive or destructive quantum interference. We describe two experiments performed with cold Rb atoms that can be approximately treated as the coherently coupled three-level and four-level atomic systems respectively. The experimental results show the phase-dependent quantum coherence and interference in the multi-level Rb atomic system, and agree with the theoretical calculations based on the coherently coupled three-level or four-level model system.