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Scientific Reports

Dephasing-Induced Control of Interference Nature in Three-Level Electromagnetically Induced Tansparency Systems

Yong Sun, Yaping Yang, Hong Chen, Shi‐Yao Zhu

Published Nov 16, 2015• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The influence of the dephasing on interference is investigated theoretically and experimentally in three-level electromagnetically induced transparency systems. The nature of the interference, constructive, no interference or destructive, can be controlled by adjusting the dephasing rates. This new phenomenon is experimentally observed in meta-atoms. The physics behind the dephasing-induced control of interference nature is the competing between stimulated emission and spontaneous emission. The random phase fluctuation due to the dephasing will result in the correlation and anti-correlation between the two dressed states, which will enhance and reduce the stimulated emission, respectively.

DOI
10.1038/srep16370

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The influence of the dephasing on interference is investigated theoretically and experimentally in three-level electromagnetically induced transparency systems. The nature of the interference, constructive, no interference or destructive, can be controlled by adjusting the dephasing rates. This new phenomenon is experimentally observed in meta-atoms. The physics behind the dephasing-induced control of interference nature is the competing between stimulated emission and spontaneous emission. The random phase fluctuation due to the dephasing will result in the correlation and anti-correlation between the two dressed states, which will enhance and reduce the stimulated emission, respectively.
Destructive and constructive interference in the Autler–Townes three-level systems is studied in the dressed state basis. The dependence of the interference on the spontaneous emission and dephasing reservoirs is analyzed. The strong field correlates or anti-correlates the random phase caused by the reservoirs. The correlation reduces and the anti-correlation enhances the absorption. Each of the interference pathways is formed by two processes, stimulated absorption and spontaneous emission. The interference effect can be neglected if the Rabi frequency of the strong field is larger than the decay rates.
In this paper we reveal that the constructive interference of atomic coherence on absorption leads to electromagnetically induced absorption,which is in sharp contrast to the case in which destructive interference of atomic coherence gives rise to electromagnetically induced transparency. A four-level atomic system is employed in which three transitions are in N configuration and the middle transition is used as a probe transition. In the dressed states representation the probe transition is split into four transitions that are coupled to each other. The coupling originates from the spontaneous emission of the atomic medium and the spontaneous transfer from excited state coherence to ground state coherence. The former leads to couplings between all transitions with the same sign and to the absorption reduction. The latter results in couplings,of which t wo terms have positive sign and another two have negative sign. It is due to the couplings with positive and negative signs that significant modification of the contribution of dressed coherence to absorption occurs,i.e., absorption inhibition is changed to absorption enhancement.
The quantum correlation in dephasing decay can be realized, when the energy fluctuations of transition frequencies are synchronized. The correlation in the three-level atom systems will enhance the interference in the absorption and change the nature of the interference, from destructive to constructive in cascade low-driving three-level atom and from constructive to destructive in V-type three-level atom. The quantum correlation is observed by properly introducing the collision or time-dependent magnetic field through the increase or decrease of the resonant absorption.
We investigate the manipulation of the quantum interference (QI) in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system via phase fluctuations and their correlation of interacting fields. We show that the field fluctuation correlation and atomic dephasing rate have a similar effect to atomic coherence, and furthermore that QI is dependent on the fluctuation and correlation. Using the theoretical model in a dressed-state representation, the contribution of QI and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) to probe absorption can be expressed in separate terms, such that the obvious enhancement of QI is found with highly correlated fields while ATS remains unchanged. In particular, when the relative large Rabi frequency of coupling field is applied, in which case the ATS plays a more prominent role than QI, we can still modulate the QI to be higher than ATS with correlated fields. This result could allow the strict EIT condition to be relaxed and be easily realized, or it may be a method to get a narrow EIT window for applications in efficient light storage and quantum interface.
A new scheme is suggested to manipulate the probe transitions (and hence the optical properties of atomic vapors) via double-control destructive and constructive quantum interferences. The influence of phase coherence between the two control transitions on the probe transition is also studied. The most remarkable feature of the present scheme is that the optical properties (absorption, transparency and dispersion) of an atomic system can be manipulated using this double-control multi-pathway interferences (multiple routes to excitation). It is also shown that a four-level system will exhibit a two-level resonant absorption because the two control levels (driven by the two control fields) form a dark state (and hence a destructive quantum interference occurs between the two control transitions). However, the present four-level system will exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency to the probe field when the three lower levels (including the probe level and the two control levels) form a three-level dark state. The present scenario has potential applications in new devices (e.g. logic gates and sensitive optical switches) and new techniques (e.g. quantum coherent information storage).