Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Chinese Physics Letters

Reply to the Comment on “Improvement of Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Direct Communication Using a GHZ State" [Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305]

Tian-Yu Ye, Li-zhen Jiang

Published Jul 1, 2013• 45 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Most recently, Liu and Chen [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 079901 ] used the tool of information theory to analyze the security of our two improved versions of the MX protocol [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305 ], and they found out that our two improved versions still have the information leakage problem. After revisiting them with the tool of information theory again, with respect to the security, we draw the same conclusion as Liu and Chen. In addition, we point out that how to use a single quantum state as the sole quantum resource to design a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol without information leakage is still a big challenge that needs to be solved.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/30/7/079902

Related papers

Comment on “Improvement of Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Direct Communication Using a GHZ State" [Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305]

Zhihao Liu, Hanwu Chen

The problem of definite information leakage existing in the controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication protocol using GHZ states [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1680 ] was pointed out by Ye and Jiang [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305 ]. Then, they proposed two strategies to improve this security bug. However, if the revised versions are analyzed from the viewpoint of information theory, it can be found that they still have the problem of information leakage. That is, three quarters and one half of the information interchanged by the communication parties are leaked out unknowingly in the first and second revised protocols, respectively.

Chinese Physics Letters•Jul 1, 2013•28 citations

Improvement of Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Direct Communication Using a GHZ State

Tian-Yu Ye, Li-zhen Jiang

The security of controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication using a GHZ state [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1680] is analyzed. It turns out that the MX protocol has the problem of definite information leakage, i.e., the first bit of a secret message from any communication party is always leaked out without any active attack after the controller's announcement of measurement results. We put forward two approaches to improve this. The first is to merely modify the encoding rule of the MX protocol, while the second is to use a Bell state as the quantum resource instead of a GHZ state. Both our approaches can ensure that all the bits of secret messages from two communication parties are not leaked out after the controller's announcement of measurement results. Moreover, the controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol based on the second approach is more convenient to implement than the MX protocol, since it merely uses a Bell state as the quantum resource and only needs to perform the Bell-basis measurement.

Chinese Physics Letters•Apr 1, 2013•102 citations

Improvement of Security of Three-Party Quantum Secure Direct Communication Based on GHZ States

Man Zhong-Xiao, Yun‐Jie Xia

A protocol for three-party quantum secure direct communication based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states was recently proposed by Jin et al. [Phys. Lett. A 354 (2006) 67] By analysing the protocol we find some security loopholes, e.g. one bit of secret messages of a party (Alice in the original paper) can always be leaked straight to the public without any eavesdropping. These problems suggested previously are discussed and possible solutions are presented to improve the security of the original protocol.

Chinese Physics Letters•Jan 1, 2007•75 citations

Enhanced Multiparty Controlled QSDC Using GHZ State

Shih-Hung Kao, Chia‐Wei Tsai, Tzonelih Hwang

Recently, Gao et al. [Opt. Commun. 283 (2010) 192] pointed out that Wang et al.'s multiparty controlled quantum secure direct communication (CQSDC) protocol [Opt. Commun. 266 (2006) 732] has the information leakage problem and proposed an improved protocol. However, in the improved protocol, due to the introduction of an additional random sampling to avoid the weakness, the qubit efficiency is decreased. By introducing the base changing technique to the random sampling in Wang et al.'s protocol, this study overcomes the information leakage problem and provides a better qubit efficiency.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Jun 1, 2011•20 citations

Comment on “A Quantum Network System of QSS-QDC Using χ-Type Entangled States" [Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 (2012) 050303]

Zhihao Liu, Hanwu Chen, Wenjie Liu +1 more

Two quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocols in a multiuser quantum direct communication (QDC) network system were put forward by Hong et al. [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 (2012) 050303 ]. However, we find that either agent (Bob or Charlie) alone can obtain half the information about the sender's secret without collaboration with the other, which does not satisfy the security requirement of QSS. Moreover, the secret message sent by Alice in the second protocol can be eavesdropped on or its communication can be disturbed by the builder of quantum channels (Trent).

Chinese Physics Letters•Mar 1, 2013•6 citations

Comment on: “Three-party quantum secure direct communication based on GHZ states” [Phys. Lett. A 354 (2006) 67]

Fei Gao, Su‐Juan Qin, Qiaoyan Wen +1 more

Physics Letters A•Feb 2, 2008•55 citations
Most recently, Liu and Chen [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 079901 ] used the tool of information theory to analyze the security of our two improved versions of the MX protocol [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305 ], and they found out that our two improved versions still have the information leakage problem. After revisiting them with the tool of information theory again, with respect to the security, we draw the same conclusion as Liu and Chen. In addition, we point out that how to use a single quantum state as the sole quantum resource to design a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol without information leakage is still a big challenge that needs to be solved.
The problem of definite information leakage existing in the controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication protocol using GHZ states [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1680 ] was pointed out by Ye and Jiang [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305 ]. Then, they proposed two strategies to improve this security bug. However, if the revised versions are analyzed from the viewpoint of information theory, it can be found that they still have the problem of information leakage. That is, three quarters and one half of the information interchanged by the communication parties are leaked out unknowingly in the first and second revised protocols, respectively.
The security of controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication using a GHZ state [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1680] is analyzed. It turns out that the MX protocol has the problem of definite information leakage, i.e., the first bit of a secret message from any communication party is always leaked out without any active attack after the controller's announcement of measurement results. We put forward two approaches to improve this. The first is to merely modify the encoding rule of the MX protocol, while the second is to use a Bell state as the quantum resource instead of a GHZ state. Both our approaches can ensure that all the bits of secret messages from two communication parties are not leaked out after the controller's announcement of measurement results. Moreover, the controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol based on the second approach is more convenient to implement than the MX protocol, since it merely uses a Bell state as the quantum resource and only needs to perform the Bell-basis measurement.
A protocol for three-party quantum secure direct communication based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states was recently proposed by Jin et al. [Phys. Lett. A 354 (2006) 67] By analysing the protocol we find some security loopholes, e.g. one bit of secret messages of a party (Alice in the original paper) can always be leaked straight to the public without any eavesdropping. These problems suggested previously are discussed and possible solutions are presented to improve the security of the original protocol.
Recently, Gao et al. [Opt. Commun. 283 (2010) 192] pointed out that Wang et al.'s multiparty controlled quantum secure direct communication (CQSDC) protocol [Opt. Commun. 266 (2006) 732] has the information leakage problem and proposed an improved protocol. However, in the improved protocol, due to the introduction of an additional random sampling to avoid the weakness, the qubit efficiency is decreased. By introducing the base changing technique to the random sampling in Wang et al.'s protocol, this study overcomes the information leakage problem and provides a better qubit efficiency.
Two quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocols in a multiuser quantum direct communication (QDC) network system were put forward by Hong et al. [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 (2012) 050303 ]. However, we find that either agent (Bob or Charlie) alone can obtain half the information about the sender's secret without collaboration with the other, which does not satisfy the security requirement of QSS. Moreover, the secret message sent by Alice in the second protocol can be eavesdropped on or its communication can be disturbed by the builder of quantum channels (Trent).