Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Chinese Physics Letters

Improvement of Security of Three-Party Quantum Secure Direct Communication Based on GHZ States

Man Zhong-Xiao, Yun‐Jie Xia

Published Jan 1, 2007• 75 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A protocol for three-party quantum secure direct communication based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states was recently proposed by Jin et al. [Phys. Lett. A 354 (2006) 67] By analysing the protocol we find some security loopholes, e.g. one bit of secret messages of a party (Alice in the original paper) can always be leaked straight to the public without any eavesdropping. These problems suggested previously are discussed and possible solutions are presented to improve the security of the original protocol.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/24/1/005

Related papers

Improvement of Security of Three-Party Quantum Secure Direct Communication Based on GHZ States

满忠晓, 夏云杰

为安全直接通讯基于 Greenberger Horne Zeilinger (GHZ ) 说的三聚会的量的一个协议最近被 Jin 等建议。[Phys。Lett。一 354 (2006 ) 67 ] 由分析协议，我们发现某安全枪眼，没有任何偷听，例如一位一个聚会(在原来的纸的艾莉斯) 的秘密消息，罐头总是直接被漏到公众。以前建议的这些问题被讨论，可能的答案被介绍改进原来的协议的安全。

Chinese Physics Letters•Jan 1, 2007•1 citation

Quantum secure direct communication by using GHZ states and entanglement swapping

Zhong‐Xiao Man, Yun‐Jie Xia, Nguyen Ba An

We present a three-party quantum secure direct communication protocol by using Greenberg–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states and entanglement swapping. The proposed scheme realizes authorized parties' secure exchange of their respective secret messages simultaneously and directly in a set of devices. We show that the scheme is secure against eavesdropper's commonly used attacks. We also generalize the protocol to the N -party case by using N -partite GHZ states.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Sep 7, 2006•109 citations

Improvement of Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Direct Communication Using a GHZ State

Tian-Yu Ye, Li-zhen Jiang

The security of controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication using a GHZ state [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1680] is analyzed. It turns out that the MX protocol has the problem of definite information leakage, i.e., the first bit of a secret message from any communication party is always leaked out without any active attack after the controller's announcement of measurement results. We put forward two approaches to improve this. The first is to merely modify the encoding rule of the MX protocol, while the second is to use a Bell state as the quantum resource instead of a GHZ state. Both our approaches can ensure that all the bits of secret messages from two communication parties are not leaked out after the controller's announcement of measurement results. Moreover, the controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol based on the second approach is more convenient to implement than the MX protocol, since it merely uses a Bell state as the quantum resource and only needs to perform the Bell-basis measurement.

Chinese Physics Letters•Apr 1, 2013•102 citations

Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Direct Communication by Using a GHZ State

Man Zhong-Xiao, Yun‐Jie Xia

A controlled bidirectional quantum secret direct communication scheme is proposed by using a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state. In the scheme, two users can exchange their secret messages simultaneously with a set of devices under the control of a third party. The security of the scheme is analysed and confirmed.

Chinese Physics Letters•Jun 28, 2006•116 citations

Multiparty Controlled Quantum Secure Direct Communication of d-Dimensional Using GHZ state

Jian Dong, Jianfu Teng, Shuyan Wang

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) aims to allow two remote parties to communicate directly without creating a private key in advance and then using it to encrypt the secret message. In this paper, a multiparty controlled secure quantum communication of d-dimensional is proposed based on d-dimensional maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and teleportation. After using decoy photons to check eavesdropping efficiently for the purpose of the quantum channel security, the sender encodes the secret message of d-dimensional on a sequence of additional particle states and then fulfills teleportation of the secret through d-dimensional Bell state measurement (DBM) and X-basis or Z-basis measurement. The receiver can recover the secret message by combining his measurement result with the senderpsilas and controllerpsilas results. If an eavesdropper Eve cannot escape from the communication parties eavesdropping check, our scheme is completely secure because the transmitting particle sequence does not carry the secret message.

Intelligent Information Technology Application•Dec 1, 2008•2 citations

Comment on “Improvement of Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Direct Communication Using a GHZ State" [Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305]

Zhihao Liu, Hanwu Chen

The problem of definite information leakage existing in the controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication protocol using GHZ states [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1680 ] was pointed out by Ye and Jiang [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305 ]. Then, they proposed two strategies to improve this security bug. However, if the revised versions are analyzed from the viewpoint of information theory, it can be found that they still have the problem of information leakage. That is, three quarters and one half of the information interchanged by the communication parties are leaked out unknowingly in the first and second revised protocols, respectively.

Chinese Physics Letters•Jul 1, 2013•28 citations
A protocol for three-party quantum secure direct communication based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states was recently proposed by Jin et al. [Phys. Lett. A 354 (2006) 67] By analysing the protocol we find some security loopholes, e.g. one bit of secret messages of a party (Alice in the original paper) can always be leaked straight to the public without any eavesdropping. These problems suggested previously are discussed and possible solutions are presented to improve the security of the original protocol.
The security of controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication using a GHZ state [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1680] is analyzed. It turns out that the MX protocol has the problem of definite information leakage, i.e., the first bit of a secret message from any communication party is always leaked out without any active attack after the controller's announcement of measurement results. We put forward two approaches to improve this. The first is to merely modify the encoding rule of the MX protocol, while the second is to use a Bell state as the quantum resource instead of a GHZ state. Both our approaches can ensure that all the bits of secret messages from two communication parties are not leaked out after the controller's announcement of measurement results. Moreover, the controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol based on the second approach is more convenient to implement than the MX protocol, since it merely uses a Bell state as the quantum resource and only needs to perform the Bell-basis measurement.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) aims to allow two remote parties to communicate directly without creating a private key in advance and then using it to encrypt the secret message. In this paper, a multiparty controlled secure quantum communication of d-dimensional is proposed based on d-dimensional maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and teleportation. After using decoy photons to check eavesdropping efficiently for the purpose of the quantum channel security, the sender encodes the secret message of d-dimensional on a sequence of additional particle states and then fulfills teleportation of the secret through d-dimensional Bell state measurement (DBM) and X-basis or Z-basis measurement. The receiver can recover the secret message by combining his measurement result with the senderpsilas and controllerpsilas results. If an eavesdropper Eve cannot escape from the communication parties eavesdropping check, our scheme is completely secure because the transmitting particle sequence does not carry the secret message.
The problem of definite information leakage existing in the controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication protocol using GHZ states [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1680 ] was pointed out by Ye and Jiang [ Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305 ]. Then, they proposed two strategies to improve this security bug. However, if the revised versions are analyzed from the viewpoint of information theory, it can be found that they still have the problem of information leakage. That is, three quarters and one half of the information interchanged by the communication parties are leaked out unknowingly in the first and second revised protocols, respectively.