Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Communications in Theoretical Physics

Enhanced Multiparty Controlled QSDC Using GHZ State

Shih-Hung Kao, Chia‐Wei Tsai, Tzonelih Hwang

Published Jun 1, 2011• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, Gao et al. [Opt. Commun. 283 (2010) 192] pointed out that Wang et al.'s multiparty controlled quantum secure direct communication (CQSDC) protocol [Opt. Commun. 266 (2006) 732] has the information leakage problem and proposed an improved protocol. However, in the improved protocol, due to the introduction of an additional random sampling to avoid the weakness, the qubit efficiency is decreased. By introducing the base changing technique to the random sampling in Wang et al.'s protocol, this study overcomes the information leakage problem and provides a better qubit efficiency.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/55/6/13

Related papers

Enhanced Multiparty Controlled QSDC Using GHZ State

高士闳, 蔡家纬, 黄宗立

最近，高等。[抉择。Commun。283 (2010 ) 192 ] 指出了那个王等。的多党的控制的量安全直接通讯(CQSDC ) 协议[抉择。Commun。266 (2006 ) 732 ] 有信息漏问题并且建议了一个改进协议。然而在改进协议，由于另外的随机的采样到的介绍避免软弱， qubit 效率被减少。由在王等把基础变化技术介绍给随机的采样。的协议，这研究克服信息漏问题并且提供更好的 qubit 效率。

理论物理通讯：英文版•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations

Cryptanalysis and improvement of controlled secure direct communication

Kao, Shih-Hung, Hwang +1 more

This paper points out that,due to a flaw in the sender’s encoding,the receiver in Gao et al.’s controlled quantum secret direct communication(CQSDC) protocol [Chin.Phys.14(2005),No.5,p.893] can reveal the whole secret message without permission from the controller.An improvement is proposed to avoid this flaw.

中国物理B：英文版•Jan 1, 2013•5 citations

Cryptanalysis and improvement of controlled secure direct communication

Shih-Hung Kao, Tzonelih Hwang

This paper points out that, due to a flaw in the sender's encoding, the receiver in Gao et al. 's controlled quantum secret direct communication (CQSDC) protocol [ Chin. Phys. 14 (2005), No. 5, p. 893 ] can reveal the whole secret message without permission from the controller. An improvement is proposed to avoid this flaw.

Chinese Physics B•Jun 1, 2013•14 citations

Passive attack to the controlled secure direct communication with seven-qubit entangled states protocol

Zhihao Liu, Hanwu Chen, Wenjie Liu

It is found that the controlled quantum secure direct communication (CQSDC) based on a seven-qubit entangled state protocol [S. K. Wang, X. W. Zha and H. Wu, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57, 48 (2018)] can be passively attacked. That is to say, this protocol has the security loophole of information leakage. To be specific, the first bit of the sender’s two-bit message can be deduced by an attacker Eve according to the first and the third bits of Alice’s announcement and the first bit of the controller Charlie’s announcement. Then, a way to fix this loophole is discussed.

Modern Physics Letters A•Sep 17, 2019•2 citations

Cryptanalysis and Improvement of Two GHZ-State-Based QSDC Protocols

Fen-Zhuo Guo, Qin Su-Juan, Wen Qiao-yan +1 more

In a recent paper[J. Korean. Phys. Soc. 49 (2006) 459], two GHZ-state-based quantum secure direct communication protocols were presented. Here we point out that an eavesdropper can utilize a special property of GHZ states, i.e. “correlation-elicitable" to obtain half information of the transmitted secrets without being detected in both protocols. The particular attack strategy is demonstrated in detail. Furthermore, a possible improvement is proposed, which makes the protocols secure against this kind of attack.

Chinese Physics Letters•Sep 1, 2010•7 citations

Improvement of a controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol

Dongsu Shen, Wenping Ma, Meiling Wang +1 more

A security loophole exists in Gao et al.'s controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol. By employing the security loophole, the receiver can obtain the secret message sent by the sender without the permission of the controller in their protocol. In order to avoid this loophole, we present an improved protocol in this paper. In the improved protocol, entangled particles are prepared at random in two GHZ-like states, which ensure that the receiver is not able to recover the secret message without knowing the initially entangled state. Compared with the other improved version whose security depends on the perfect quantum channel, our improved protocol is secure in a noisy quantum channel. Therefore, our protocol is more practical.

Modern Physics Letters B•Jun 17, 2014•4 citations
Recently, Gao et al. [Opt. Commun. 283 (2010) 192] pointed out that Wang et al.'s multiparty controlled quantum secure direct communication (CQSDC) protocol [Opt. Commun. 266 (2006) 732] has the information leakage problem and proposed an improved protocol. However, in the improved protocol, due to the introduction of an additional random sampling to avoid the weakness, the qubit efficiency is decreased. By introducing the base changing technique to the random sampling in Wang et al.'s protocol, this study overcomes the information leakage problem and provides a better qubit efficiency.
It is found that the controlled quantum secure direct communication (CQSDC) based on a seven-qubit entangled state protocol [S. K. Wang, X. W. Zha and H. Wu, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57, 48 (2018)] can be passively attacked. That is to say, this protocol has the security loophole of information leakage. To be specific, the first bit of the sender’s two-bit message can be deduced by an attacker Eve according to the first and the third bits of Alice’s announcement and the first bit of the controller Charlie’s announcement. Then, a way to fix this loophole is discussed.
In a recent paper[J. Korean. Phys. Soc. 49 (2006) 459], two GHZ-state-based quantum secure direct communication protocols were presented. Here we point out that an eavesdropper can utilize a special property of GHZ states, i.e. “correlation-elicitable" to obtain half information of the transmitted secrets without being detected in both protocols. The particular attack strategy is demonstrated in detail. Furthermore, a possible improvement is proposed, which makes the protocols secure against this kind of attack.
A security loophole exists in Gao et al.'s controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol. By employing the security loophole, the receiver can obtain the secret message sent by the sender without the permission of the controller in their protocol. In order to avoid this loophole, we present an improved protocol in this paper. In the improved protocol, entangled particles are prepared at random in two GHZ-like states, which ensure that the receiver is not able to recover the secret message without knowing the initially entangled state. Compared with the other improved version whose security depends on the perfect quantum channel, our improved protocol is secure in a noisy quantum channel. Therefore, our protocol is more practical.