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Journal of Quantum Information Science

Efficient Three-Party Quantum Secure Direct Communication with EPR Pairs

Xunru Yin, Wenping Ma, Dongsu Shen, Chaoyang Hao

Published Jan 1, 2013• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In order to get rid of the drawback of information leakage which existed in Chong et al.’s protocol (Opt. Commun., 284, 2011, 515-518), an efficient three-party quantum secure direct communication (3P-QSDC) based on some ideas of quantum dense coding with EPR pairs is proposed, in which each entangled pair can be used to exchange a longer length of secret message between three legal users. By improving the classical channels and the qubit transmissions, our scheme can avoid this kind of drawback. Thus the secret messages are not leaked out to other people from the public information. Moreover, compared with Chong et al.’s protocol, our protocol can achieve higher efficiency.

DOI
10.4236/jqis.2013.31001

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In order to get rid of the drawback of information leakage which existed in Chong et al.’s protocol (Opt. Commun., 284, 2011, 515-518), an efficient three-party quantum secure direct communication (3P-QSDC) based on some ideas of quantum dense coding with EPR pairs is proposed, in which each entangled pair can be used to exchange a longer length of secret message between three legal users. By improving the classical channels and the qubit transmissions, our scheme can avoid this kind of drawback. Thus the secret messages are not leaked out to other people from the public information. Moreover, compared with Chong et al.’s protocol, our protocol can achieve higher efficiency.
Inspired by quantum secure direct communication and quantum dense coding, we present a three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme by quantum teleportation. After performing the rectilinear basis or diagonal basis measurement randomly for the eavesdropping check to ensure the security of the quantum channel, the sender encodes the secret messages directly on a series of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs and transmits them to the receivers by quantum teleportation. Neither of the receivers can decode the secret messages on his own even if they collaborate. Only the two receivers combine their measurement results with the sender's result, can they recover the secret messages. In this scheme, one qubit can encode two bits of classical information because quantum dense coding is introduced. Using quantum teleportation, the distinct advantage of this scheme is that there is not the transmission of qubits carrying the secret messages in the quantum channel, it is absolutely secure for QSS if a perfect channel is used.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particle sequences according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.
I present a new protocol for three-party quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) with a set of ordered M Einstein—Podolsky—Rosen (EPR) pairs. In the scheme, by performing two unitary operations and Bell state measurements, it is shown that the three legitimate parties can exchange their respective secret message simultaneously. Then I modify it for an experimentally feasible and secure quantum sealed-bid auction (QSBD) protocol. Furthermore, I also analyze the security of the protocol, and the scheme is proven to be secure against the intercept-and-resend attack, the disturbance attack and the entangled-and-measure attack.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particles sequence according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.